Ota 200 Module 2 Quiz Review

Front 1

Id

Back 1

The part of the personality that contains the drive to self-preservation and pleasure. Present from birth or before and operates unconsciously.

Front 2

Superego

Back 2

The part of the personality that contains standards for behavior. Is thought to be a representation of rules learned from parents and other authorities. It operates unconsciously.

Front 3

Ego

Back 3

The part of the personality that regulates behavior by compromising among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. Contains many functions, such as memory, perception, reality testing, and defense mechanisms. These work together in a continuous process of adapting to reality. Many ego functions operate unconsciously.

Front 4

Reality Testing

Back 4

The ability to tell the difference between reality and fantasy and to share the same general ideas about reality as everyone else. This is an ego function.

Front 5

Symbol

Back 5

Something that represents something else. They may be universal, cultural, or idiosyncratic.

Front 6

Analysis of symbols

Back 6

One of the methods used in object relations therapy. The therapist analyzes symbols and the patient's dreams or artwork to discover their unconscious meanings.

Front 7

Suppression

Back 7

An attempt to control anxiety and conflict by consciously controlling or denying it. This is conscious, unlike the defense mechanisms, but it may serve the same purpose in regard to anxiety.

Front 8

Development

Back 8

A process of maturation occurring throughout life.

Front 9

Developmental task

Back 9

A problem or crisis that arises during a developmental stage. Solving the problem shows mastery of the task. An example is choosing a career, traditionally a task of adolescence

Front 10

Developmental lag

Back 10

A delay in development demonstrated by failure to master a developmental task.

Front 11

Psychosocial development

Back 11

The ongoing process in which the person resolves conflicts between personal needs and what society demands and permits.

Front 12

Erikson

Back 12

Person related to psychosocial theory.

Front 13

Piaget

Back 13

Person related to cognitive theory.

Front 14

Gesell

Back 14

Person related to motor theory.

Front 15

Gradation

Back 15

Learning through successfully more challenging and complex stages.

Front 16

Behavior

Back 16

Any observable action.

Front 17

Reinforcement

Back 17

Consequences of behavior that either encourages or discourages the repetition of the behavior.

Front 18

Terminal behavior

Back 18

The treatment goal, the behavior the person will show at the end of a successful treatment program.

Front 19

Shaping

Back 19

A method of approaching the terminal behavior gradually, using a series of steps (successive approximations) that lead to the goal.

Front 20

Chaining

Back 20

A method of teaching a complex activity one step at a time, starting with either the first or the last step. The therapist performs the remaining steps until the person masters the entire sequence.

Front 21

Backward chaining

Back 21

Chaining that starts with the last step. It is believed to be more effective than forward chaining.

Front 22

Forward chaining

Back 22

Chaining that starts with the first step.

Front 23

Schedule reinforcement

Back 23

The timing of reinforcement. Schedules may be continuous (reinforcement follows every performance of the desired behavior) or intermittent (reinforcement is given only occasionally).

Front 24

Extinction

Back 24

Discouraging an undesired behavior by removing any reinforcement. An example might be a therapist ignoring a child's temper tantrum instead of responding to it. This is called planned ignoring.

Front 25

Terminal behavior

Back 25

The normal or adaptive behavior that the therapist wants the person to perform.

Front 26

Assumptions

Back 26

The unarticulated rules by which a person orders and organizes experience. These are arbitrary and are learned or acquired during development. These may be adaptive, maladaptive, depressogenic (leading to depression) and so on.

Front 27

Attribution

Back 27

The meaning a person attaches to an event. These may be either positive or negative.

Front 28

Automatic thoughts/Cognitions

Back 28

Thoughts that occur involuntarily and that are provoked by specific events and situations. For persons with psychiatric disorders, these thoughts are often negative and based on faulty assumptions or errors in reasoning.

Front 29

Cognitive distortions / cognitive errors

Back 29

Errors in reasoning such as over-generalization, all-or-nothing thinking, and personalization.

Front 30

Self-talk

Back 30

One's personal cognitions or internal thoughts.

Front 31

Bibliotherapy

Back 31

A homework assignment to read books and articles that are reinforced material covered in therapy sessions.

Front 32

Cognitive rehearsal

Back 32

The technique of carrying out a task in one's imagination.

Front 33

Graded task assignment

Back 33

A series of tasks graded from simple to complex, the purpose of which is to promote engagement in activities, realistic self assessment, and positive self-evaluation of ability to reach a goal.

Front 34

Reattribution

Back 34

A technique used to challenge the self-blaming thoughts of depressed persons. The purpose is to show that events perceived as negative may not be the persons fault.

Front 35

Self-monitoring

Back 35

Noting and recording negative cognitions and the events that precede them.

Front 36

Cognitive-behavioral approaches

Back 36

Link a precipitating event to a person's thoughts about the event and then to the feelings these thoughts evoke.

Front 37

Accurate empathy

Back 37

Understanding the feelings and actions of another person, staying attuned to the person's thoughts and feelings. This is contrasted with sympathy, which includes a sense of feeling what the other feels.

Front 38

Warmth

Back 38

When a therapist gives off a sense that they are concerned about the patient's well-being.

Front 39

Genuineness

Back 39

The therapist conveys a sense that they really are the way he or she appears, and isn't just putting on an act for the patient's benefit.

Front 40

Unconditional positive regard

Back 40

A sense conveyed by the therapist that he or she accepts, likes, and respects the patient regardless of the patient's feelings or actions.

Front 41

Nondirective behavior

Back 41

A behavior of the therapist in which he or she refrains from giving an opinion on anything the patient says or does.

Front 42

Open invitation to talk

Back 42

An interviewing technique in which questions are worded to require a response longer than one or two words. This encourages the clients to talk.

Front 43

Minimal response

Back 43

A brief verbal or nonverbal action of the therapist that gives the message that he or she is listening and wants the clients to keep talking. Examples are nodding, saying "go on", and leaning forward in the chair.

Front 44

Reflection of feeling

Back 44

The therapist's restatement of the feeling conveyed by the client's words or nonverbal expression.

Front 45

Paraphrasing

Back 45

The therapist's restatement of the story or narrative content conveyed by the client's words.

Front 46

Withholding judgment

Back 46

The therapist's deliberate abstinence from giving opinions on a client's behavior, feeling, or intention.

Front 47

Carl Rogers

Back 47

Client-Centered therapy was developed by...

Front 48

Neuroscience

Back 48

Refers to the entire body of information about the nervous system. How it is organized, what it looks like, and how it operates.

Front 49

Neuroscience theories

Back 49

Based on the assumption that normal functioning requires a brain that is anatomically normal, with normal neurophysiology and brain chemicals in the proper proportions.

Front 50

National Alliance on Mental Illness

Back 50

What does NAMI stand for?

Front 51

Overall rehabilitation goal (ORG)

Back 51

An agreement between the client and practitioner about the environment and roles the client would like to occupy (where the client tends to live, learn, or work).

Front 52

Rehabilitation diagnosis

Back 52

A process to identify the clients ORG. The ORG becomes the basis for evaluating the clients skills (functional assessment), resource strength, and deficits (resource assessment), in relation to the school.

Front 53

Rehabilitation planning

Back 53

A process that identifies and prescribes high-priority skills and resource goals, the interventions for achieving them, and the personnel responsible.

Front 54

Rehabilitation intervention

Back 54

Processes for developing client skills and environmental resources specified in the client's rehabilitation plan. This may include direct skills teaching, skill refinement and practice, coordination and linking of existing resources, and development of new resources.

Front 55

Rehabilitation readiness

Back 55

A reflection of consumers' interest in rehabilitation and their self confidence in their capacity to compete a rehabilitation program.

Front 56

Psychiatric rehabilitation (PsyR)

Back 56

Combines principles and concepts from the fields of physical rehabilitation, client-centered therapy, behavioral psychology, and psychosocial rehabilitation.

Front 57

Object

Back 57

Anything toward which the Id directs its energies to satisfy a drive. May be human or non human (animals and things).

Front 58

Object relations theory

Back 58

Says that to change a person's mental illness, the person must bring unconscious conflicts to consciousness and make the person aware of them period.