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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oracles against the nations
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A type of oracle of judgment
Amos 1-2 - oracles against nations set up oracle against Israel; Is 13-23 also example of oracles against nations |
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Antiochus Epiphanes
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Took throne in 175 BC
Looted Jerusalem temple Profaned temple in 167 Judas Maccabees revolts Daniel 5 may reference him |
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Monotheism
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Only one God exists as opposed to monolatry where God just being supreme over other ones as in Decalogue
Isaiah 6 is monotheistic version of heavenly council The shema of Deuteronomy 6 |
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People of the land
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people of the country
antithetical to Jerusalem aristocracy Micah identifies with the people of the land Ezra and Nehemiah shun the people of the land as those who intermarried with foreigners |
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Gedaliah
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Babylonian governor of Judah
Protects Jeremiah Tries to get people not to fear Babylon; assassinated by Ishmael a royal official (Jer 39-41) |
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Songs of Zion
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Psalms that praise Zion as city of God
Some seem pre-exilic and others exilic; Is 84 "My soul yearns, even faints, for the courts of the Lord" |
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Retribution
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Literary feature that stands out in Chronicles; 2 Chr 13:17-20; circumstances have to be explained in terms of faithfulness to God - those who rely on the Lord win
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Declension theory
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Theory of post-exilic period now rejected
Idea that prophetic teaching declines Book of Chronicles |
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Deprivation theory
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Explanation for apocalyptic literature as rising out of the needs of oppressed people
Stephen Cook points out that some apocalyptic groups are insiders |
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Abomination of desolation
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Refers to Antiochus' destruction of the Temple
Altar set up to Zeus Olympios by Antiochus |
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Succoth
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Lev 23 - feast of booths
exiles perform this ritual when they return to reestablish community according to Nehemiah |
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Leviathan
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Example of the extravagance of God's creation
Job 40-41 Part of God's aesthetic defense God's creation doesn't have to be utilitarian |
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Lament psalm
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Prayer for divine help
Indiv: Address, complaint, petition, (vow of praise) Com: Address, complaint, history, petition Ex: Ps 6, 54 |
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Tobiah the Ammonite
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Taunted Israelites rebuilding the temple
Ends up living in the temple Nehemiah boots him out (Neh 13) |
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Temple sermon
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Jer 7 proph & 26 narr
Indictment of Judah's mispl. confidence in temple goes against Zion tradition |
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eschatology
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Account of end of history
Involves God intervening to restore Israel Often associated with Zion tradition, Israel's restoration. Isaiah 2, Micah 4, Haggai 2 |
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Zoroastrianism
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Persian monotheism with Ahura Mazda
Dualistic - Ahura Mazda is order that rises out of chaos Isa 45:5-7 may be a response |
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Ring composition
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Daniel forms narrative chiasm
4 kingdoms in Dan 2 & 7 Martyr legend in Dan 3 & 6 Royal msg in Dan 4 & 5 |
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Belteshazzar
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Babylonian name of Daniel given in Daniel 1
Daniel refuses unclean food Perhaps his refusal to be called Belteshazzar is parallel to this |
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Words of Lemuel
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Proverbs 31.1-9
Includes social justice concern Followed by Hebrew acrostic poem honoring the noble wife |
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Nehemiah memoir
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Gives realistic counterpoint to Ezra's heroic presentation
Remember anti-heroic ending of Neh 13 |
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Court prophets
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1 Kings 22
Amos 7:10-17 Micah 2:6 |
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Suffering servant
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Servant figure can stand both for Israel and a messiah
Isaiah 49:4 Isaiah 53 |
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Scribal prophecy
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Rewritten prophecy
Jeremiah 10 MT has more than LXX Scribes basically provide midrashic expansion on text |
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Zerubbabel
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Messianic figure for Haggai in Haggai 2
Leads rebuilding of temple Son of the governor |
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Martyr legend
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Genre of Daniel 3 and 6
Pattern: cmd to worship king, refusal, penalty, deliverance, acknowledgment of God by pagan king |
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Aniconism
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2nd commandment
Prohibition against images secures divine freedom Deut 4:15-20 - God doesn't have any form so cannot represent him |
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Apocrypha
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Texts in LXX but not MT
Judit, 1&2 Maccabees, Wisdom |
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Judas Maccabees
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Son of Jewish priest Mattathias
Leads revolt in 167 BCE against Antioch. Drove Antioch. out of Jerus. Purified temple in 164 BCE which is basis for Hanukah |
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Monolatry
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God is highest god, not only god.
1st cmd of Decalogue |
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Baal
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Hosea deals extensively with Baal; fertility God
Uses dbl-meaning of Baal as master in 2:16 - God says not my Baal but my husband |
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Dead sea scrolls
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Gives more context for determining original content of Hebrew manuscript of OT
Finding them showed that LXX was not a translation of MT into Greek but both translation of prior text |
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LXX
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Greek Bible from 3rd cent BCE
Jer 3000 words shorter than Hebrew Bible |
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Nebuchadnezzar
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Numerologically the same as Antiochus IV Epiphanes
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Quietism
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Isaiah's counsel to Ahaz in Is 7; Hezekiah follows it in Is 37
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