Osteology And Arthrology

Front 1

ACL

Back 1

Anterior Cruciate Ligament; from anterior tibia to lateral posterior fibular condyle. Prevents tibia from moving forward on femur. Blow from back makes it taught and it snaps.

Front 2

PCL

Back 2

Posterior cruciate ligament; from back of tibia to medial fibular condyle; prevents femur from moving back on fixed foot. Hit from front of knee, posterior snaps.

Front 3

Tibiotalar ligaments (4)

Back 3

Ant/post tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal. Prevent excessive eversion, protect medial ankle joint.

Front 4

Talofibular ligaments (3)

Back 4

Ant/post talofibular, calcaneofibular; most sprains here.

Front 5

Spring ligament

Back 5

plantar calcaneonavicular

Front 6

long plantar

Back 6

under calcaneus to tarsals

Front 7

Ankle ligaments

Back 7

Anterior/posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior/posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, plantar calcaneonavicular, long plantar.

Front 8

Medial ankle ligaments

Back 8

support the medial border of the ankle and prevent excessive eversion of the foot.

Front 9

anterior/posterior tibiotalar ligaments

Back 9

run from tibia to talus bone on medial ankle; anterior is anterior to medial malleolus, posterior is behind it.

Front 10

tibiocalcaneal ligament

Back 10

runs from tibia to calcaneus; prevents excessive eversion

Front 11

tibionavicular

Back 11

runs from tibia to navicular bone, which sits directly in front of the talus.

Front 12

anterior/posterior talofibular ligaments

Back 12

protect the lateral ankle from excessive inversion. connects the fibula to the talus.

Front 13

calcaneofibular

Back 13

supports the lateral ankle; runs from the calcaneus (heel) to the fibula

Front 14

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Back 14

spring ligament; helps create the gait of our walk. connects the calcaneus, ankle, to the navicular, most medial in front of talus.

Front 15

long plantar ligament

Back 15

connects the calcaneus to the tarsals; runs on bottom surface of foot.

Front 16

Ligaments of the hip

Back 16

Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, pubofemoral

Front 17

Ischiofemoral

Back 17

Y ligament; prevents excessive abduction

Front 18

Iliofemoral

Back 18

Y ligament; prevents excessive abduction

Front 19

pubofemoral

Back 19

prevents excessive abduction

Front 20

ischiofemoral ligament

Back 20

prevents excessive internal rotation of femur/hip

Front 21

collateral ligaments

Back 21

connect bone to bone along the sides of a joint, like the knee and ankle

Front 22

Knee ligaments

Back 22

medial collateral, lateral collateral, anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate

Front 23

medial/lateral collateral ligaments

Back 23

protect the lateral sides of the knee joint, a blow to the side of knee results in a sprain here.

Ligaments sprain, muscles strain.

Front 24

3 types of joints

Back 24

Synarthoris, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis

Front 25

Synarthrosis

Back 25

fibrous; not much movement.
2 types:
-Suture - skull
-Syndesmosis - tibia/fibula

Front 26

Amphiarthrosis

Back 26

Cartilaginous, two types:
Synchondrosis - hyaline cartlg between two bones, like ribs/sternam.
Symphisis - fibrocartilage between two bones, like pubis symphysis.

Front 27

Diarthrosis

Back 27

freely moveable; synovial joints.
6 types:
Gliding, hinge, ball/socket, condyloid, saddle, pivot.

Front 28

Symphysis joints in lower extremity

Back 28

Pubic symphysis

Front 29

Pivot joints in body

Back 29

at C2, axis between head and spine.

Front 30

Hinge joints in lower extremity

Back 30

Knee, moves in sagittal plane.
Ankle, moves in sagittal plane.
Interphalangeal, as in between distal/intermediate and intermediate/proximal phalanges.

Front 31

Condyloid joints in lower extremity

Back 31

Metatarsophalangeal; basically the joints between the actual toes and the foot bones. Toes curl and flare, so it's a condyloid joint.

Front 32

Ball and Socket joint in lower extremity

Back 32

Hip joint; moves in free three-D rotation.