Osseous Tissue And Bone Structure (Chap.7)

Front 1

5 primary functions of the skeletal system

Back 1

1. Support
2. Storage of minerals (calcium) and lipids (yellow marrow)
3. Blood cell production (red marrow)
4. Protection
5. Leverage (force of motion)

Front 2

6 major bone shapes

Back 2

1. Long bones
2. Flat bones
3. Sutural bones
4. Irregular bones
5. Short bones
6. Sesamoid bones

Front 3

Long bone location:

Back 3

arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers and toes.

Front 4

Flat bones location:

Back 4

skull, sternum, ribs and
scapula.

Front 5

Sutural bones are:

located:

Back 5

small, irregular bones

between the flat bones of the skull

Front 6

Irregular bones are:

Back 6

spinal vertebrae and pelvic bones

Front 7

Short bones are:

Back 7

ankle and wrist bones

Front 8

Sesamoid bones are

they develop inisde ________ and near _____________

Back 8

small, flat bones

tendons

joints of knees, hands, feet

Front 9

epiphysis

Back 9

The wide part at each end, where thefemur articulates with other bones

Front 10

area where epiphysis and diaphysis connect

Back 10

metaphysis

Front 11

outside of diaphysis is made of:

inside space is:

Back 11

compact or dense

marrow cavity

Front 12

epiphsis made up of ____________bone

covered with thin layer ofcompact bone called ______________

Back 12

spongy

cortex

Front 13

parietal bone loaction

Back 13

top of skull

Front 14

matrix of bone tissue is solid due to

Back 14

calcium salts deposited around protein fibers
in its ground substance.

Front 15

Osseous tissue is

Back 15

supportive connective tissue containing specialized cells

Front 16

4 characteristics of bone tissue

Back 16

1. Dense matrix containing deposits of calcium salts
2. The matrix contains bone cells within lacuna
3. Canaliculi form pathways for blood vessels to exchange nutrients and wastes.
4. Outer surfaces of bones are covered by periosteum consisting of outer fibrous
and inner cellular layers.

Front 17

2/3 of bone matrix:

1/3:

Back 17

calcium phosphate

protein fibers (collagen)

Front 18

4 types of bone cells:

Back 18

1. osteocytes
2. osteoblasts
3. osteoprogenitor cells
4. osteoclasts

Front 19

mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix:

Back 19

osteoctyes

Front 20

osteoctye lives in a ________ between __________

Back 20

lacuna

lamellae

Front 21

allow osteocytes to connect at gap junctions between cytoplasmic extensions.

Back 21

Canaliculi

Front 22

2 main functions of osteocytes:

Back 22

1. To maintain the protein and mineral content of the matrix.
2. To help repair damaged bone

Front 23

immature bone cells that secrete the matrix by the process of _____________

Back 23

Osteoblasts

osteogenesis

Front 24

_____________ are mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts

they are located in____________

Back 24

Osteoprogenitor cells

endosteum

Front 25

giant, mutlinucleate cells that secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes
which dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals

Back 25

osteoclasts

Front 26

perforating canals

Back 26

carry blood vessels deep
into the bone and bone marrow

Front 27

A layer of circumferential lamellae wraps around the circumference of the long bone and
binds all together.

Back 27

g

Front 28

________bone doesnt have osteons.

Back 28

spongy

Front 29

red bone marrow is located in ___________ bone

Back 29

spongy

Front 30

yellow bone marrow is yellow due to it containing _________

Back 30

fat

Front 31

periosteum 3 functions:

Back 31

1. isolates bone from surrounding tissues
2. provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
3. participates in bone growth and repair

Front 32

Endosteum contains

Back 32

osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor
cells and osteoclasts.

Front 33

process of replacing other tissues with bone is

Back 33

ossification

Front 34

2 main forms of ossification

Back 34

1. intramembranous ossification
2. endochondral ossification

Front 35

Intramembranous Ossification occurs in the

Back 35

dermis

Front 36

Most bones originate as

Back 36

hyaline cartilage

Front 37

epiphyseal cartilage disappears after puberty and becomes an

Back 37

epiphyseal line.

Front 38

Three major sets of blood vessels

Back 38

1. The nutrient artery and vein:
2. Metaphyseal vessels
supply the epiphyseal cartilage, where bone growth occurs.
Periosteal vessels provide blood to the superficial osteons and the secondary
ossification centers.

Front 39

the hormone _________ is essential to proper absorption of
calcium and phosphorus by the digestive tract

Back 39

calcitirol

Front 40

____________ and ____________ stimulate bone growth

Back 40

growth hormone and thyroxine

Front 41

____________ and ___________ stimulate osteoblasts for bone growth.

Back 41

estrogen and androgen

Front 42

___________ and ___________ regulate calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids and maintians calcium ion concentration.

Back 42

calcitionin and parathroid hormone

Front 43

Parathyroid hormone(PTH) location:

function:

Back 43

neck

increases calcium ion levels in body fluids by stimulating osteoclast activity

Front 44

calcitonin function:

Back 44

decreases calcium ion
levels in body fluids by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Front 45

Calcium and phosphate ions circulating in the blood are constantly being lost in the urine. More are either obtained by diet or bone(makes them weak)

Back 45

f

Front 46

osteopenia

starts between __ and __yrs of age

women loss __%, men lose __%

Back 46

reduction of bone mass

30-40

8, 3

Front 47

osteoporosis, over 45 yrs of age, __% of women and __% of men have it.

Back 47

severe bone loss

29,18

Front 48

Estrogens and androgens contribute to maintaining

Back 48

bone mass