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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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vertebral artery test/ cervical quadrant's
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purpose: tests for ischemia or circulation deficiency of the
vertebral artery at the transverse foramen procedure. client seated. rotate head fully to one side. extend neck. hold for 30 seconds. repeat bilaterally + dizziness, nystgmas (repetitive circular motion of eyes), nausea, refer to doctor |
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upper trapezius strength test
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purpose: assess strength of upper trapezius muscle
client prone. abduct arm 90, elbow 90, palms on table to remove shoulder activity. stablize side being tested. extend head and rotate AWAY from side being tested. thrapist can add overpressure + weakness if client unable to hold head up |
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three knuckle test
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test for available rom of mandible or TMJ hypomobility
client opens jaw. inserts as many of their own flexed knuckles as they can into their mouther. + client can only fit 1-2 knuckles in between their teeth |
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temporomandubular joint testing
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test for tmj dysfunction
client seated. stand behind client, with index fingers of both hands resting just anterior to client's ears. ask client to open and close mouth while palpating + crepitus, clicking, assymetry of motion or pain indicates TMJ dysfunction |
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swallowing test
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tests to see of cause of pain when swallowing is due to
trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid muscle client seated. palpate and use pincer grasp on scm. have client swallow. +pain diminishes as client swallows. |
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spurling's/foraminal compression
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tests for nerve root impingment or facet joint irritation in
lower c/s client seated. client extends, sidebends, and rotates head to affected side. therapist applies downward pressure on top of the head. +radiating pain or neurological signs in the same side arm (nerve root) or pain local to the neck/shoulder (facet joint irritation) |
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scalene relief test
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test for presence of trigger points in anterior scalene
muscle client seated. client is asked to place forearm of affected aside across forehead as close to elbow as possible. client lift shoulder upward, whch lifts clavicle and relieves compression of scalenes +pain is relieved a few minutes after this position |
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scalene cramp
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tests for presence of trigger points in scalene muscles
client is asked to rotate head to affected side and side bend to affected side, putting chin into the hollow just behind the collarbone + pain referred in the scalene muscle pattern, posterior upper arm, two finger like projections in chest, lateral two fingers |
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posterolateral neck flexors test
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test for strength of splenius capitus and cervicis,
semispinalis capitus and cervicis, cervical erector spinae on one side client prone, abduct arm 90, flex elbow to 90, and rest palm of hand on table to remove shoulder involvement. therapist stabilizes shoulder. head is extended and rotated TOWARD side being tested. therapist can add overpressure + weakness unable to hold position |
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anterior neck flexors test
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test strength of ant neck flexors (scm, ant scalenes,
suprahyoids, inrahyoids, longus colli, rectus capitis anterior) slient supine. arms 90, elbows 90, back of hand on table to remove shoulder involvement. client tucks chin in then lefts head off table. (grade 3) therapist can allply overpressure. +client unable to keep neck in flexion against gravity of therapists pressure, weakness |
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valsalva's tests
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tests for a space occupying lesion (tumor, lesion,
osteophytes) which is increasing pressure within the spinal cord client seated and curled slightly forward. client takes a deep breath while bearing down, as if moving bowels. +pain local to leson site or radiating pain in a dermatomal pattern |
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cervical compression test/maximal cervicsal compression
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tests for a compressed nerve root or facet joint irritation in
lower cervical spine client seated. head in neutral. therapist applies downward pressure on the head +is radiating pain or other neurological sign in the same side arm (nerve root) or pain local to the neck/shoulder (facet joint irritation) |
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cervical distraction test
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relieves pressure on cervical nerve roots (may be used
after spurlings, jacksons, o or cervical compression tests) client supine or seated with head in neutral. thrapsit grasps head at occiput and temporalis one had at either side of the head and slowly tractions in superior direction. +discomfort or pain is relieved |
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anterolateral neck flexors strength test
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strength of scm and scalenes
client supine.arm 90, elbow 90, back of hand resting on table. head is rotated away from the side being tested, therapist stabilizes the shoulder. client lifts head. therapist may apply overpressure. +weakness, unable to keep head flexed |
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first rib mobility
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tests for mobility of the 1st rib
client seated. client fully rotates head away from side being tested. client fully flexes head to chest +client has limited neck flexion, may be cause by tight scalenes |
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orbicularis oculi strength test
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confirms bell's palsy
client seated with eyes closed. therapist slowly opens eye on affected side +client cannot keep eyes closed against therapists resistance |
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jackson's test
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compressed nerve root or fact joint irritation
client seated. client rotates head to one side. therapist applies downward pressure. +pain or other neirlogical sign going down into same side arm(nerve root), or local pain (facet) |
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myotome c1/c2
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neck flexion
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myotome c3
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lateral neck flexion
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myotome c4
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shoulder elevation
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myotome c5
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shoulder abduction
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myotome c6
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elbow flexion, wrist extension
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mytotome c7
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elbow extension, wirst flexion
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mytotome c8
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thumb extension
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mytotome t1
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finger abduction
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mytome L2
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hip flexion
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mytome L3
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knee extension
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mytome L4
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ankle dorsiflexion
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myotome L5
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great toe extension
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mytome s1
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ankle plantarflexion
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mytome s2
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knee flexion
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reflex c5
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biceps tendon, hypo = PNS, hyper = CNS
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reflex c6
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brachioradialis tendon, hyp=PNS, hyper = CNS
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acromioclavicular shear test
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tests integrityt of acromioclavicular joint
client seated. therapist behind client. interlaces fingers of hands and cups them over shoulder to be tested, one paln on clavice, other palm of scapula. slowly squeezes hands together +pain or excessive movement of the acromiclavicular joint (collarbone with shoulder blade joint) |
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adhesive capulitis abduction test
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checks for frozen shoulder, resitrcited motion caused by
fibrosing and adhesion of the axillary fold of the inferior gh joint capsule client is seated. therapist behind client. one hadn on inferior angle of scapula, while other hand holds clients arm just above elbow and slowly abducts arm. +painful leathery feel before 90 degrees of abduction |
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adson's test
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test for thoracic outlet syndrome casue by anterior scalene
client seated. find radial pulse, client rotates head toward affected side and holds breath. therapist monitors pulse. + numbess, tingling in hand and fingers, radial pulse diminishes |
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costoclavicular syndrome test
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test for thoracic outlet sindrome caused by 1st rib and
clavicle client seated. therapist monitors affected arm. shoulder is depressed and retracted in affected arm + numbess or tingling, radial pulse diminishes |
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appley's scratch test
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test for dereceased ROM in gh
+inability to touch hands, or one side unable to reach as far as other side |
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drop arm test
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test for integrity of rotator cuff, especially suprspinatus
tendon client seated. actively abducts arm to 90 degrees, slowly and smoothly adducts arm back + client cannot slowly and smoothly adduct arm back to their side |
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eden's test (same as costoclavicular)
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thoracic outlet syndrom between clavicle and 1st rib
client standing. monitor radial pulse. client depresses and retracts shoulder + numbness or tingling into hands and fingers, radial pulsediminishes |
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hawkins-kennedy impingement
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overuse to supraspinatus tendon
client seated. flexes arm to 90, then internally rotates their humerus + pain in acromion/ tendon area |
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infraspinatus strength test
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tendonitis or weakness of infraspinatus or teres minor
muscles client seated. abducts arm to 90, flexes elbow to 90. therapist applies pressure (in internal rotation direction) while client tries to externally rotate arm +pain along infraspinatus or weakness |
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middle trapezius strength test
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strength of middle traps muscle
client prone. affected shoulder to 90, arm externally rotated. client attend to extend arm. therapist stabilizes opp shoulder and can add over pressure to affected arm. +inability to hold arm in extension |
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neer impingement
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test for overuse to supraspinatus muscle
client seated. therapist passively flexes arm through it's ROM +pain in acromion/tendon area |
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painful arc test
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inpignement of supraspinatus tendon and subacromial
bursa beneath acromion client acitvely and slowy abducts arm through it's range + pain in acromion starting at 70 degreees and eases after 130 degrees |
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pectoralis major length test
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length of pec + muscle
client supine. client abducts arm t0 90 for clavicuar fibers, and to 150 for sternal fibers +arm does not drop below the table level |
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pectoralis minor length test
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length of pec- muscle
client supine, arms at side. therapist obersver shoulder protraction at head of the table. +shoulder is protracted, or limited range of shoulder retraction |
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rhomboids strength
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strength of rhomboids (same as middle traps except arm is
internally rotated, not externally) client prone. arm to 90. internally rotat arm. therapist stabilizes unaffected shoulder. client attempted to extend arm. therapist may apply over pressure +client cannot hold arm in extension |
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shoulder adductor length test
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length of teres major and latissimus dorsi
client supine. flexes hips and knees, feet on table. arms are fully flexed aboce head until resting on table +client's arms are not able to reach and rest on table |
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speed's test
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bicep's tendonitis
client seated with elbow extended and arm supinated. therapists stabilizes shoulder, and asks client to flex elbow while therapists holds forearma nd applies resistence +pain at biceps tendon during resistance |
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subscapularis strength test
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tendonitis or weakness of subscapularis muscle
client seated. flexes arm to 90. therapist applies external rotation, while client attempts to internally rotate their arm. +pain alone subscapularis or weakness |
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suprspinatus strength/ empty can test
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tests for strain or weakness of supraspinatus
client seated. abducts arm to 45 degrees in scapular plane. internall rotates humerus, client can add overpressure +pain along suprspinatus or weakness |
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travell's test (alternate version of adson's)
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thoracic outlet syndrome cause by middle scalene
client seated. monitor radial pulse. client rotates head away from affected side. takes a deep breathand holds for 15-30 seconds. +tingling, nnumbess into same side arm or reduction of radial pulse |
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elvey/upper limb tension test 1
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test for c5, c6, c7 and median nerve root as source of
painful shoulder and arm client supine. therapist depresses affected shoulder. with elbow slightly flexed, therapist abducts arm to 110, and externally roates 60, sowly extend wrist and fingers. slowly extend elbow +recurrence of shoulder and arm pain |
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elvey/upper limb tension test 2
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tests for median nerve, musculacutaneous nerve and
axillary nerve as cause of client's painful shoulder client supine. therapists depressed clients shoulder. abducts arm to 10. slowly extend wrist and fingers. slowly extend elbow. +recurrence of pain in shoulder/arm |
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elvey/upper limb tension test 3
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tests for radial nerve as source of client's shoulder and arm
pain client supine. therapist depresses shoulder. abduct humerus to 10, flex wrist and fingers, ulnar deviate, fully pronate forearm and extend elbow +recurrence of shoulder and arm pain |
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elvey/ upper limb tension test 4
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tests for c8 or t1 nerve roots and ulnar nerve as source of
client's painful shoulder and arm client supine. therapist depresses shoulder. abduct arm to 90, slowly flex elbow, supinate forearm. extend wrist and fingers and radially deviate. +recurrance of shoulder and arm pain |
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wright's hyperabduction test
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test for throacic outlest syndrome cause by pectoralis minor
client seated. monitor radial pulse. abduct their arm to 180 and slightly extend. +numbness/tingling into same side arm or radial pulse diminishes |
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yergason's test
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stability of biceps tendon and integrity of transverse
humeral ligament client seated. client bends elbow with palm facing superiorly. therapist stabilizes shoulder and palpates biceps tendon with one hand, other hand applies force on clients forearm and asks client to internally and exteranly rotate arm. +pain, clicking, etc at bicipital groove |
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kemp's test
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nerve root compression due to disc herniation or facet joint
irritation in lumbar spine client standing. client slowly extends, sidebends and rotates to affected side (slide palm on back of thigh toward knee) +radiating pain (nerve root), local pain (facet joint) |
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kernig's test
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stretches spinal cord to assess nerve root involvement or
meningieal irritation client supine, with hands behind head. client actively flexes head into their chest. keeping knees extended, client flexes hip. +pain in referall pattern to limb (nerve root), pain along spine at the level of lesion (meningeal) |
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quadratus lumborum length test
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length of ql
client seated. therapist behind clinet,s landmarks iliac crests. client slowly laterally bends away then toward tested side. +reduced range of motion or restricted when bending away from tested side |
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rebound tenderness test.mcburney's point
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tests for appendicitis
slient supine, hips and knees flexed. therapist applies pressure on right side two-thirds infero-laterally from umbilicus (between umbilicus to ASIS) +severe pain when pressure is releases |
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scoliosis short leg test
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test for uneven leg length causing functional scoliosis
client standing. obserive level of iliac crests and AC joints bilaterally. place thin book under shorter leg +scoliosis curve releases and neutralizes with book under shorter leg |
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scoliosis small hemipelvis (scoliosis due to one side of
pelvis) |
tests for functional scoliosis due to one sid eof pelvis
client seated. therapist observes iliac crest and ac joint levels bilaterally. a thin book is placed under the lower pelvis side +scoliosis curve is reversed/neutralized with book placement |
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slump test
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stretches spinal cord and dura to test for nerve root
involvement or meningeal irritation clean seated and slumped into flexion. client flexes head to chest. client extends right knee and dorsiflexes right foot, repeats on other side. +pain along spine in lvel of lesion (meningeal) or pain in referral pattern to limb (nerve root) |
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brudzinski-kernig's test
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stretches spinal cord to assess nerve root involvement or
meningieal irritation client supine, with hands behind head. client actively flexes head into their chest. keeping knees extended, client flexes hip to point of pain, client flexes knee. +pain in referall pattern to limb (nerve root), pain along spine at the level of lesion (meningeal) when hip flexed with knee extended, bent knee relieves pain |
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straight leg raise/braggard's
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tests for neurological lesion
client supine. therapist raises clients leg with knee extended to point of pain then lowers til no pain is felt. the client may dorsiflex foot +pain in posterior thigh only is positive for hamstring tightness pain down leg with dorsiflexion is positive for sciatic nerve involvement |
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well leg straight leg raising/Fajerztajn's test
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tests for space occupying lesion or herniated disc
client supine. therapist raises clients leg with knee extended to point of pain then lowers til no pain is felt. the client may dorsiflex foot +pain in opposite leg is positive for space occupying lesion or disc herniation |
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ely's test
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rectus femoris shortness/contracture
cleint prone. therapist flexes client's knee, bringing heel to glutes. +pelvis on affected side flexes as you try to touch heel to glute |
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faber's test/patricks test/figure 4
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psoas muscle shortness/spasm
client supone with legs extended. therapists places clients foor of affected side on their knee +knee of affected hip's side stays above level of unaffected knee |
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gaenslen's test
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hip or sacroiliac joint dysfunction
+client is sidelying on unaffected side. clien flexes bottom (unaffected) leg and knee toward chest. therapist is behind client and stabilises pelvis with one hand, hyperextended the affected leg at the hip. +pain in the hip and si jt area |
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gillet's/sacroiliac joint motion test
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tests for mobility of sacroiliac joint
client standing, can have arms out touching wall for support on fron of them. therapist uses one thumb to locate PSIS on affected side and with other thumb marks s2 spinous process. asks client to stand on unaffected leg, bend affected leg's knee up as far as it will go. thumb on PSIS should move inferiorly as knee lifts +PSIS moves superiorly as knee lifts, indicatin hypomobility. |
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SI joint squish test
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tests for integrity of posterior ligaments of SI joint
client supin. therapist places hands on lateral side of client;s ASIS's, applies pressure from lateral to medial then posteriorly +pain local to SI jont indicates posterior SI ligament sprain |
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ober's test
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length of IT band and tensor fascia lata
client sidelying on unaffected leg. bottom leg (unaffected) is flexed toward chest. therpaist stabilizes pelvis and grasps medial aspect of client's affected knee, hyperabducts and extend leg, then allow leg to lower without rotating +affected leg stays abducts and does no lower |
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hip quadrant/ scouring test
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joint capsule tightness or hip pathology
client supine. therapist flexes and adducts clients hip until some resistence is felt. therapist maintains resistance and move's client's hip through an arc into abduction + pain, early leathery end feel and crepitus |
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Gluteus Maximus Strength Test
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Testing for: strength of the gluteus maximus
Client is prone. The client’s knee on the affected side is flexed 90° Therapist stabilizes the affected hip with one hand Client extends the affected hip and holds the hip/leg in extension • If client can hold their hip in extension against gravity, it indicates Grade 3 on the strength scale • Therapist tries to put a downward pressure as the client tries to hold their affecte hip in extension • Client can resist the therapist pressure indicates Grade 5 strength +cannot hold position |
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Piriformis Length Test
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Assessing For: the length of the piriformis muscle
• Client is prone with their knees close together • Client flexes both their knees to 90° • Slowly separate the lower legs away from the midline, while keeping the knees together ( the internal rotation of the femur stretches both piriformis muscles) • The normal internal rotation would be ( 45°-50°) from the midline +short piriformis muscle is indicated if the internal rotation is less than 45° |
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SI joint Gapping Test
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Purpose: to assess the integrity of the anterior ligaments of
the SI joints • Client is supine • Therapist applies a lateral and inferior pressure to the medial sides of the client’s Anterior Superior Iliac Spines. ( Therapist crosses their arm in order to push easier) + anterior ligament sprain if there is Unilateral Gluteal or Posterior Leg Pain |
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Supine to Sit Test
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Testing for: Functional leg length discrepancy
• Client is supine and knees are extended • Therapist compares the levels of both malleoli • Client sits up while therapist takes a note of the malleoli levels + • Anterior Hip bone Rotation: One leg is longer when client is supine, then shorter when client is stting up • Posterior Hip bone rotation: One leg is shorter when client is supine, then longer when client is sitting up |
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Thomas Test
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Testing for: Hip flexor muscle contracture or shortness
• Client is supine , with lower gluteal folds at the end of the table and their hips and knees flexed. Client may hold the legs in flexion with their hands. • Therapist makes sure that the client’s lower back is not so high off the table. • Client keeps the unaffected leg flexed, and slowly lowers the affected leg and lets it extend as far as it can + • Short QUADS: the affected knee stays extended • Short Psoas muscles: the hips remains flexed • Short TFL/ ITB: Abducted hip |
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Trendelenburg’s Sign
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Testing for: the strength of the Gluteus Medius Muscle
• Client is standing • Therapist stands behind client, paying attention to the client’s PSIS and iliac spines • Client stands on the affected leg + gluteus medius is weak if the pelvis on the affected side pops out or drops |
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Noble’s Test
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Testing for:
The presence of iliotibial band (ITB) friction syndrome • Patient is supine, with both their affected side’s knee and hip flexed to 90° degrees • Therapist compresses the iliotibial band (ITB) – 2 centimetres proximal to the lateral femoral condyle • Instruct the patient to extend the knee and hip slowly while therapist maintains compression of the ITB proximal to the lateral femoral condyle +Pain over the lateral femoral condyle at about 30° degrees of knee extension. |
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: McMurray’s Test
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Injury to the Menisci
• Patient is supine, their affected hip and knee are flexed • Therapist cups one hand over the patient’s knee ( palm over the patella and fingers/thumb over the joint line ) • Therapist grasps patient’s heel with the other hand • Therapist slowly extends the patient’s knee, while applying different stresses ( #s 1 & 2 below) to check both menisci. 1: external rotation of the tibia and valgus stress on the knee to assess medial meniscus 2: internal rotation of the tibia and varus stress on the knee to assess lateral meniscus +Click or Catch in the extension of the knee. ( A negative test does not completely rule out meniscal tear) |
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Apley’s Distraction Test
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The Integrity of the Collateral Knee Ligaments
• Patient is prone, with their affected knee flexed 90° • Therapist places their own knee on patient’s posterior thigh to stabilize • Therapist grasps patient’s leg proximal to the ankle • Therapist applies traction to the tibia towards the ceiling ( this distracts the knee joint) –then apply internal and external rotation of the tibia while tractioning. +Pain on the medial side = medial collateral ligament damage/ injury Pain on the lateral side = lateral collateral ligament damage/ injury |
