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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of injuries affecting the ankle?
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1) Bony (i.e. fractures)
2) Ligamentous (i.e. sprains, tendonitis) |
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What is a sprain?
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Stretched or torn ligament
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Which ligaments attach the tibia to the tarsus?
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Medially, the deltoid ligament.
Then there are the the anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, and tibiocalcaneal ligaments. |
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Which ligaments attach the fibula to the tarsus?
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1) Anterior talofibular ligament
2) Posterior talofibular ligament 3) Calcaneofibular ligament |
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What are the two types of ankle sprains?
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Inversion injury and eversion injury
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Which is more common, an inversion injury or an eversion injury?
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Inversion injury
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Which ligament is affected by an EVERSION injury?
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Deltoid ligament
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Which ligaments are damaged by an inversion ligament.
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Think about it: those damaged will be on the lateral side. These are the ligaments that attach the fibula to the tarsus.
1) Anterior talofibular ligament 2) Posterior talofibular ligament 3) Talocalcaneal ligament |
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Which ligament is usually most severely damaged with an inversion injury, esp. if the foot is plantar flexed?
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Anterior talofibular ligament
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Where is a patient with a strained anterior talofibular ligament tender?
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Over anterior talofibular ligament!
Inferior and anterior to the lateral malleolus |
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What sign commonly accompanies ankle sprain?
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Ecchymoses
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How are ankle sprains classified?
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3 grades:
Grade 1: microscopic tear Grade 2: macroscopic tear Grade 3: complete tear |
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What is the treatment of a grade 1 ankle sprain?
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RICE
Rest, ice, compression, elevation NSAIDs |
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What is the treatment of a grade 2 ankle sprain?
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Strap ankle into dorsiflexion and eversion x4-6 weeks
Physiotherapy |
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What is the treatment of a grade 3 ankle sprain?
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Below knee walking cast for x4-6 weeks
Physiotherapy |
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Which rules set the indications for ordering a radiographic series of the ankle?
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Ottawa ankle rules
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What are the Ottawa ankle rules?
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There are two ways you can satisfy the Ottawa criteria:
1) Inability to weight bear immediately after the injury and in the ER 2) Pain in the malleolar zone PLUS bone pain over the medial malleolus or bone pain over the lateral malleolus |
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Which views do you order on X-ray to investigate an ankle fracture?
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AP, lateral, mortice
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What is the treatment for a non-displaced ankle fracture?
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Walking below-knee cast
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What is the treatment for a displaced ankle fracture?
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ORIF
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From which muscles does the Achilles tendon arise?
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Soleus, gastrocnemius
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Where does the Achilles tendon insert?
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Calcaneus
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• Name 2 conditions that affect the Achilles tendon.
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Achilles tendonitis
Achilles tendon rupture |
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• What treatment should you never use for Achilles tendonitis and why?
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o Cortisol injections, as they may cause tendon rupture
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• What is the treatment for Achilles tendonitis?
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NSAIDs
Physiotherapy |
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• What type of activity is commonly associated with Achilles tendon rupture?
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o Stop and go sports like squash and basketball
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• What physical exam finding suggests Achilles tendon rupture?
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o Palpable gap in tendon
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• What is the treatment for Achilles tendon rupture?
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o Surgical repair
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