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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integumentary System |
Hair, skin, nails Functions: protection, temp, water retention, sensation |
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Skeletal System |
Bones, cartilage, ligaments Functions: protection of organs, support, movement, blood formation |
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Muscular System |
Skeletal Muscles Functions: movement, posture, heat production |
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Lymphatic System |
Lymph, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, and tonsils Functions: fluid Balance, production of immune cells, defense against desease |
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Respiratory System |
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs Functions: absorb oxygen, discharge co2, acid base Balance, speech |
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Urinary System |
Kidneys, urethra, ureters, bladder Functions: excretion of watse, regulation of blood pressure and volume, control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid base Balance |
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Nervous system |
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs Functions: control, regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory |
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Endocrine System |
Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, etc Functions: Hormone production, control and regulations of other systems |
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Circulatory System |
Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries Functions: distribution of o2, nutrients and waste, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells, and antibodies Fluid, electrolyte, and acid base Balance |
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Digestive system |
Stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas Functions: break down and absorption of nutrients Elimination of wastes |
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Male reproductive system |
Testes, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate, vast deferens Functions: production and delivery of sperm Secretion of sex hormones |
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Female reproductive system |
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts Functions: site of fertilization and fetal development, birth, lactation, secretes sex hormones, production of eggs |
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Right Hypochondriac Region |
Liver, Gallbladder, Right Kidney |
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Right Iliac Region |
Small intestines, Appendix, Cecum and ascending colon |
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Two major body Cavities |
Dorsal cavity and the Ventral Cavity |
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Ventral Cavity |
2 parts: Thoracic and abdominopelvic Location: front of the body |
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Dorsal cavity |
2 parts: cranial and spinal |
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Helping the body generate heat |
Nervous system- hypothalamus in the brain contains the thermostat Cardiovascular system - Blood vessels constrict to conserve heat Muscular System- muscles contracts causing shivering which generates heat Integumentary- sweat production stops, goose bumps form creating a insulating layer Endocrine System- thyroid hormone production increases metabolism which raises body temperature Digestive system- metabolism of food and stored fat generates heat |
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4 types of tissue |
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve tissue |
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Epithelial tissue
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Covers and lines body surfaces "a surface tissue" Continuous sheet of tightly packed cells Key Functions: protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion Ex skin, walls of capillaries, and the kidney tubules. |
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Connective Tissue |
Connects and supports parts of the body, some transport and store materials Most widespread and most varied of all tissues Purpose: connect the body together and to support, bind, or protect organs Ex bone, cartilage, and adipose tissues |
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Muscle Tissue |
Contracts to produce movement Ex skeletal Muscles and heart |
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Nerve Tissue |
Generates and transmits impulses to regulate body function Ex brain and nerves |
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Tissues |
Groups of similar cells that preform a common function |
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Energy |
the capacity to do work, put matter into motion |
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Metabolism |
The sum of all the chemical reactions in the body |
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4 elements that make up the human body |
Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon Oxygen is found most in the body 65% |
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Carbohydrates |
Body's main source of energy |
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Proteins |
Most abundant organic compounds in the body |
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Nonessential |
Can be manufactured by the body |
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Essential amino acids |
Essential for people to obtain them through food |
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Epithelial blood supply? |
A vascular, depends on the connective tissue beneath to supply it's o2 and nutrients |
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Epithelial shape and layers |
Cell shape: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar Cell Layers: simple, and stratified |
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Glandular Epithelial |
Exorcise glands Endocrine glands |
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Exocrine glands |
Secrete their products into ducts. Ducts empty onto a body surface or inside a body cavity. |
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Endocrine Glands |
Ductless glands Secrete their products called hormones directly into the blood. |
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Extracellular Matrix |
Key component of connective tissue allows tissue to be diverse |
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Fibers found in connective tissue |
Collagenous fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers |
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Fibrous Connective Tissue |
An abundance of fiber Can be loosely arranged, tightly packed |
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Loose connective tissue |
The most widely distributed of all tissues Stetchable quality Types: areolar, adipose, reticular |
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Areolar tissue |
Collagen and elastin fibers in a soft, gel like matrix |
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Adipose tissue |
Fat cells Forms supporting, protective pads around the kidneys and various other structures Storage for extra food Insulate the body to conserve body heat |
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Reticular tissue |
Consists of a loose network of reticular fibers and cells Forms the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow |
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Dense connective tissue |
Closely packed collagen fibers Forms tendons and ligaments. Few blood vessels Forms bands or sheets (fascia) bind organ and muscles Forms a protective capsule or sheath around the kidneys, spleen, and nerves Provides durable support |
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Collagen |
Body's most abundant protein. Helps form tendons, ligaments, and the matrix of cartilage and bone, collagen forms the deep layer of the skin. |
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Cartilage |
Composed of cells called chondrocytes No blood vessels Receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion from surrounding connective tissue Heals slowly or not at all |
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3 types of cartilage |
Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibro cartilage |
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Hyaline cartilage |
At the ends of movable joints Where ribs attach to the breastbone, larynx, and the supportive rings around the trachea Forms much of the fetal skeleton Ease joint movement, firm but flexible support |
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Elastic Cartilage |
Provides flexible support to the external ear and the epiglottis |
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Fibro cartilage |
Forms the disc between the vertebrae and in the knee joint, pelvis resists compression and absorbs shock |
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Bone |
Osseous tissue Contains collagen fibers and mineral salt crystals. Form the skeleton of the body Body structure, provide support, and offer protection to internal organs Attachment point for muscles Make movement possible Storage site for calcium and some bones contain marrow which produce new blood cells Rich blood supply Heals quickly |
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Blood |
Exist in fluid Surrounded by a liquid matrix Transports o2, nutrients, hormones, and wastes from one part of the body to another. Doesn't contain any fibers |
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Connective Tissue immune protection |
Connective Tissue cells attack foreign invaders while connective tissue fibers provide the location for inflammation |
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Nervous tissue |
High degree of excitability and conductivity Communicates rapidly with other parts of the body Location: brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
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2 types of nervous tissue |
Neurons and neuroglia |
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Neurons |
Units that conduct nervous impulses |
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Neuroglia |
Protect and assist neurons |
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Muscle Tissue |
Elongated cells that contract in response to stimulation |
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Three types of muscle |
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth |
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Skeletal Muscle |
Long thin cells called muscle fibers Striated muscle or voluntary muscle Attached to bone Makes movement possible Breathing, speech, control of urination, and facial expressions |
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Cardiac Muscle |
Only in the heart Shorter than those of skeletal Muscle Joined together with junctions intercalated disc's Simultaneous stimulation Involuntary muscle |
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Smooth Muscle |
Long spindle shaped cells Stimulated by the Autonomic Nervous system Not under voluntary control Controls the diameter of blood vessels Important in controlling blood pressure and flow |
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Tissue Repair |
Regeneration - replaced with new cells Fibrosis - replaced with scar tissue, muscle and nerve tissues |
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Membranes |
Thin sheets of tissue Line body Cavities, cover body surfaces, and separate organs from one another. |
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2 categories of membranes |
Epithelial membranes Connective tissue membranes |
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Epithelial membranes |
Mucus membranes - secret mucus, Serous membranes - line closed body cavities, one continuous sheet Cutaneous membranes- skin, largest membrane, rest on a layer of connective tissue. |
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Pleura |
Surrounds each lung and lines the thoracic cavity |
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Pericardium
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Pericardial membrane surrounds the heart |
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Peritoneum |
Peritoneal membrane lines the abdominal cavity, and covers the abdominal organ |
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Connective Tissue membranes |
Joints lined by connective tissue. |
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Synovial membranes |
Line spaces between bones, where they secrete synovial fluid to prevent friction during movement. |
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Bursa |
Lubricated cushions, located at pts of friction BTW bone, tissue, skin, muscles, ligaments and tendons. Pocket of fluid |
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Cranial Cavity |
Formed by the skull Contains the brain |
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Spinal Cavity |
Formed by the vertebrae Contains the spinal cord |
