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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1- Draw and describe an individual communications model |
Individual communications models- one person talks to another person or group
Sender (ideation) - person sending the message or idea
Encode - forming verbal and non-verbal cues
Transmission device - anything that carries the message
Decode - when a message passes to the receivers senses
Receiver - person for whom the message was intended
Feedback- perceived evaluations of the message Noise - anything that disrupts a message |
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2- Name the 3 categories of barriers to communications between individuals |
1. Individual differences - age, gender, status 2. Situational factors - emotions, distractions 3. Mechanical problems - slangs, physical disabilities |
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3- What can a sender and a receiver do to overcome the barriers to individual communication? |
Sender Duties: 1. Be aware of potential barriers 2. Have empathy for the audience 3. Pay attention to non-verbal cues 4. Seek confirmation
Receiver Duties: 1. Active listening 2. Seek clarification
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4- What are the barriers to formal communication? |
1. Individual barriers could also be barriers to formal communication 2. System overload - too much information 3. Selective filtering through condensation or expansion 4. Physical problem with transmission device (lost mail) 5. A mismatch of message and medium 6. Informal contraction of formal message |
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5- Describe an effective MIS |
Starts with effective people - collector and processor Effective machinery - phone, fax, pc, etc Effective information - timely, relevant, important, summarized |
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6- What should a manager do about informal communication? |
1. Must understand how gossip works, rumors are often true and quick 2. Managers should tap into the channel 3. Use the channel to pass along messages 4. Managers will need to deal with rumors
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7- Define: Groups |
It consists of 2 or more people, interacting with each other pursuing a common purpose or goal |
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8- Name the 3 things which bring informal groups together |
1. Activities 2. Shared sentiments 3. Interactions |
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9- Name 3 types of formal groups |
1. Work group 2. Committee 3.Task / project team / venture team |
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10- What are the benefits associated with formal groups? |
1. Coordination of activities 2. Bring together expertise 3. Help with decision making 4. Groups for manager training |
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11- What are the problems associated with formal groups? |
1. Cost 2. Time 3. Conflict 4. Bad compromise 5. A place to hide from responsibilities |
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12- Define Group Cohesiveness |
The degree of goal agreement, conformity, corporation and group control over members |
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13- Explain what happens where there is too little cohesiveness in a group |
A set of problems: 1. Goal disagreement 2. No conformity 3. No cooperation 4. Less control1 |
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14- Explain the benefits of a group that has a good level of cohesiveness |
1. Most productive group 2. Work without supervision 3. Extra effort during crisis 4. Help out members who are having problems 5. Positive social atmosphere
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15- Explain the factors that can be used to increase or decrease group cohesiveness |
1. Size of the group 2. Group composition 3. Opportunity to interact 4. Turnover 5. Additional groups 6. Quality of the leader |
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16- Define Control |
It is comparing performances to standards, making corrections when needed, and rewarding success. |
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17- Name the standards which are set and the ways to measure performance in production area |
1. Standards are quantity, quality, cost, and time 2. Ways to measure performance are production reports, accounting statements and special planning devices |
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18- Name and define the standards which are set and the ways to measure performance in marketing |
Standards: Market Share Sales Quota Share of mind Cost of marketing
Ways to measure performance: Industry magazines and trade journals Sales report Ratings, market research Accounting statements |
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19- Name the standards which are set and the ways to measure performance in the are of HRM personnel |
Standard: Absenteeism, tardiness Turnover, accidents Grievances, vandalism Cost of personnel/HRM
Performance measure: HRM reports HRM reports HRM reports Accounting statements |
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20- What four categories of ratio are there? Define each one |
1. Liquidity - measures the company ability to meet its short term obligations
2. Activity - measures efficiencies of various company activities
3. Leverage - measures company debt, and therefore, company risk
4. Profitabillity - measures company profits |
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21- How can ratios be used effectively? |
1. Have a frame of reference - past year's ratios, industry averages 2. Look at the total picture |
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22- Define Budget |
1. A budget is an annual financial plan 2. Budget links planning and control together through the standards they set |
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23- What 3 kinds of budgets are there? Define |
Incremental budget - stays the same from year to year, except for incremental changes
Zero-based budget - each year, each department starts with 0, then managers must justify expenses to receive revenue
Rolling budget - adjust department budgets as revenue figures become known |
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24- What benefits are associated with budget?1 |
1. Allocate scarce resources 2. Force managers to plan 3. Clarifies which company goals are important 4. Used to measure performance2 |
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25- What problems are associated with budgets? |
Planning: 1. Poor staff advice 2. Politics: asking more money than you need
Control: 1. Using budgets as political device to justify termination, low pay raises, etc 2. Overemphasis on short term results |
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26- What can be done to create an effective budgeting process? |
Planning: 1. Quality staff advice 2. Try to eliminate politcs
Control: 1. Consider the long term 2. Use budgets to identify problem, not to place blame on
Both: 1. Encourage participation 2. Be systematic 3. Be flexible 4. Keep future oriented |
