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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Organic molecules contain what type of bonds? |
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds |
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Properties of Organic Compounds |
- They are much more soluble in nonpolar solvents than polar solvents - Organic compounds don't dissociate in solution - They are poor conductors of electricity |
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Isomers |
Compounds that contain the same elements in different geometric arrangement and have completely different chemical properties. |
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Alkanes |
- Contain single carbon-carbon bonds - Also called saturated hydrocarbons |
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Alkenes |
- Contain carbon-carbon double bonds - Unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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Alkynes |
- Contain carbon-carbon triple bonds - Unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
Hydrocarbons that form rings instead of chains. i.e. Benzene C6H6 |
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Alcohol |
An O-H bonded to a carbon atom. Because of hydroxyl group, alcohols are polar. |
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Halides |
Halogen bonded to a carbon atom |
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Organic Acids or Carboxylic Acids |
A carboxyl group (COOH) bonded to a carbon chain; the H dissociates, making these molecules acidic. |
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Amines |
An amine (NH2) bonded to a carbon atom; the amine group is similar to ammonia (NH3), this these molecules are basic. |
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Aldehydes |
A carbonyl (C=O) group that is bonded to a terminal carbon, or one that is at the end of the carbon chain. |
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Ketones |
A carbonyl (C=O) group that is bonded to a nonterminal carbon, or one that is not at the end of the carbon chain. |
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Ethers |
An oxygen atom links two hydrocarbon chains. |
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Esters |
An ester is essentially a ketone and an ether put together. |
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Organic Reaction: Addition |
A carbon-carbon double bond is converted into a single bond, freeing each of the two carbons to bond with another element. Triple bond can also be converted to double. |
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Organic Reaction: Substitution |
In a substitution reaction, one atom or group in a compound is replaced with another atom or group. Chemically, this very rarely happens. |
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Organic Reaction: Polymerization |
In polymerization, to smaller compounds, called monomers, are joined to form a larger third compound. In condensation polymerization, two monomers are joined in a reaction that produces water. |
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Organic Reactions: Cracking |
In cracking, a larger compound is broken down into smaller compounds. |
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Organic Reaction: Oxidation |
An organic compound can react with oxygen at high temperatures to form carbon dioxide and water. This reaction should be familiar to you as combustion or burning. |
Combustion |
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Organic Reaction: Esterfication |
In esterification, an organic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce an ester and water. |
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Lipids |
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, connected in Long Branch and chains. They are not water soluble and tend to aggregate to form droplets when placed in water. Examples are fats and oils and tryglycerides and molecules that make up cell walls (phospholipids) |
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Carbohydrates |
Sugars. Organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1. Examples include glucose and fructose. Small sugars are monosaccharides and large sugars are called polysaccharides. Storage of carbohydrates in animals is glycogen and the storage of carbohydrates of plants is cellulose. Carbohydrates can be in straight chains of these or they can be extensively branched. |
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Nucleic Acids |
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They are polymers made up of monomers known as nucleotides. Examples include DNA and RNA. |
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List the layers of the atmosphere from closest to earth to furthest. |
Troposphere > Stratosphere > Mesosphere > Thermosphere |
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Photodissociation |
A bond is broken as a molecule absorbs a photon of light energy. Occurs in the making of ozone. |
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Chlorofluorocarbons |
The primary culprits and ozone layer destruction. Ozone is a reactant when it interacts with these compounds. |
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Greenhouse Effect |
Refers to the build up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. |
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