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9 Cards in this Set
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naming alcohols |
In general, alcohols are named in the same manner as alkanes; replace the -ane suffix for alkanes with an –ol for alcohols. 1. Parent chain is longest chain of carbon atoms with a hydroxyl (OH) group attached 2. Number the carbon chain so that the hydroxyl group gets the lowest number names of parent chains - methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, etc alternatively, these are named methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol
number before propanol, butanol etc indicates the position of the OH group. |
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primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°) alcohols |
classification of alcohols depending on whether the OH group is attached to the primary, secondary or tertiary carbon |
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diols |
compounds containing two hydroxyl (OH) groups
these are indicated by -ediol or -etrial within the name |
Additional
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unsaturated alcohols |
alcohols containing double bonds
e.g. ethenol, propenol, etc |
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properties of alcohols |
alcohols of low molecular weight are dipoles and form hydrogen bonds where appropriate
readily dissolve in water and other alcohols and their BPs are higher than those of alkanes of similar molecular weight |
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glycol |
compounds with two hydroxyl groups are given the common name glycol. E.g. ethylene glycol |
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name given to alcohols with double bonds |
unsaturated alcohols
names such as ethenol, propenol, etc
Numbers indicate the positions of the double bond and the OH group.
e.g. CH2=CH-CH2OH is 2-propen-1-ol
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