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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how is carbon unique?
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its electron configuration allows it to bond to 4 things
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less carbons _______ boiling point, __________ freezing point
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lower, lower
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less carbon, ________ density
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lower
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structural isomer
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same molecular formula but same arrangement of atoms
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geometric isomers
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same carbon arrangement
geometric difference in groups must be rigid |
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Stereo isomers
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mirror images of each other
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properties of alkanes
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less dense than water
-non polar, covalent compounds -insoluble -hydrophobic -inert-dont react with anything |
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properties of alkenes
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nonpolar
-insoluble in water -float in water, less dense -smell like gasoline |
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polymerization
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a reaction where many single molecules join together in chains
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properties of alkynes
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contain triple bonds
linear shape, very rigid gases |
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alcohols are made from _____
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alkenes
form an alcohol by replacing an H group with OH |
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primary alcohol
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OH is attached to a C at the end of a carbon chain
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secondary alcohol
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OH is attached to a C attached to at least 2 other Carbons
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physical properties of alcohols
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-miscible with water
polar -solubility decreases with increase in carbon number -hydrogen bonding present |
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what is a thiol? name its properties
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sulphur compound
contain SH instead of OH stront smells important in the reactions of proteins |
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properties of phenols
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solids
odorless medicinal uses disinfectants antioxidants contain vitamin E weak acids |
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properties of ethers
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used as general anesthetics
flammable low bp similar to hydrocarbons |
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properties of ketones
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cant form hydrogen bonds due to carbonyl group
-molecules have low affinity to each other resulting in low bp -polar -soluble in water |
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tollens reagent tests for:
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aldehydes
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benedicts reagent tests for:
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aldehyds and one ketone
-is a reducing sugars test |
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carboxylic acids are made from the:
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oxidaiton of aldehydes
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physical properties of carboxylic acids
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higher bp than alcohols
lower c's are liquid at room temp distinct odors-sharp and unpleasant -as molecular weight increases, they solidify |
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what are the 2 reaction of esters
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hyrolysis-reaction with water in an acidic environment
animal fats and oils saponification-reaction in a basic solution -soaps and fatty acids |
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name the highes priorty group
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carboxylic acid
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name the lowest priority group
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alkane
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what kind of smells do esters give off
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pleasant, fruity smells
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amines are derivitives of___________
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ammonia
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all alcohols are produced by the process of
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fermentation
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ethers are _______ soluble in water
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slightly
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properties of amines
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hydrogen bonding beween molecules
-gases at lower molecular weight -liquids at higher molecular weight -boilihg points lower than alcohols but higher than hydrocarbons -odors |
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chemical properties of amines
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weak bases
-important buffer system in blood and urine -ingredients in many over the counter drugs - |
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name some examples of amines
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acetylcholine
morphine sulphate amphetamines caffeine and nicotine-alkaloids |
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amides are made of:
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amine and carboxylic acid
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