Organic 1 Reactions

Front 1

What is an E isomer?

Back 1

The two higher priority groups are on opposite sides

Front 2

What is a Z isomer?

Back 2

The two higher priority groups are on the same side

Front 3

Does a cis or trans alkene have a higher boiling pt?

Back 3

cis

Front 4

methylene group

Back 4

= C

Front 5

vinyl group

Back 5

- C = C

Front 6

allyl group

Back 6

- C - C = C

Front 7

Which Alkene Reaction has syn addition only?

Back 7

hydroboration - oxidation (BH3 is added as "one" molecule)

Front 8

Which Alkene Reactions has anti addition only?

Back 8

Halogenation and Halohydrin formation (both involved the bridged formation)

Front 9

Which Alkene Reactions have both anti and syn addition

Back 9

hydration and hydrohalogenation

Front 10

Hydrohalogenation

Back 10

The addition of HX (Cl, Br, I)

Front 11

Hydration (in alkenes)

Back 11

the addition of H and OH (or OR) using H2O and H2SO4

Front 12

Halogenation (2)

Back 12

The addition of X2 (Cl, Br)
No carbocation rearrangements can occur

Front 13

Halohydrin Formation (2)

Back 13

The addition of X and OH, using X2 and H2O
The nucleophile (H2O) attacks the more substituted carbon

Front 14

Hydroboration - Oxidation (2)

Back 14

The addition of H and OH, using BH3 and H2O2 and OH
ANTI MARKOVNIKOV

Front 15

How can we prepare alkenes? (2)

Back 15

From alkyl halides with a strong base or strong bulky base (E2)
From alcohols with H2SO4 or POCl3

Front 16

What happens when you react an alkene with NBS, DMSO, and H2O?

Back 16

You form a halohydrin with Br and OH

Front 17

What is another name for acetylene

Back 17

ethyne

Front 18

How do you prepare alkynes?

Back 18

From NaNH2 or KOC(CH3)3

Front 19

Halogenation

Back 19

Same as alkenes
Forms a tetrahalide

Front 20

Hydration (2)

Back 20

The addition of OH, H using H2O, H2SO4, HgSO4
Undergoes tautomerization

Front 21

Is hydrohalogenation faster in Alkenes or Alkynes?

Back 21

It is faster in alkenes (the carbocation is more stable because of resonance)

Front 22

Which mechanisms undergo tautomerization?

Back 22

hydroboration- oxidation
hydration

Front 23

How do you prepare an acetylide anion?

Back 23

NaNH2 or NaH

Front 24

What is a structural feature of bases?

Back 24

a lone pair or pi bond

Front 25

What factors effect acidity?

Back 25

1. Element Effect
2. Inductive Effect
3. Resonance Effect
4. Hybridization Effect

Front 26

How do you determine the acidity of an acid?

Back 26

Always draw the conjugate base
The more stable conj. base has the strongest acid

Front 27

Element Effect

Back 27

The acidity of H-A increase left to right and top to bottom

Front 28

Inductive Effect

Back 28

The acidity of H-A increase with the presence of electron-withdrawing groups in A

Front 29

Resonance Effect

Back 29

The acidity of H-A increases when A can be resonance stabilized

Front 30

Hybridization Effect

Back 30

The acidity of H-A increases as the s-character of A increases

Front 31

3 Resonance Rules

Back 31

1. the two structures only differ in the placement of double bonds and unpaired electrons.
2. They must have the same number of unpaired electrons
3. No atom can have more than 8 electrons

Front 32

Order of increasing forces

Back 32

Van der waals
Dipole Dipole
H - bond
ion - ion

Front 33

What compounds are water soluble? (2)

Back 33

ionic compounds
compounds have less than or equal to 5 c's and an N or O for H- bonding

Front 34

Gauche Conformation

Back 34

eclipsed newman projection and two bigger groups are closest to each other

Front 35

torsional strain

Back 35

strain caused by eclipsing interactions

Front 36

Poor Leaving Groups (5)

Back 36

-OH, H, -R, -F, -NH2

Front 37

Good Leaving Groups (4)

Back 37

I, Br, Cl, H2O

Front 38

Strong Nucleophiles and Weak Bases (7)

Back 38

OH, CN, SH, CH3COO, SR, N3, I , Br

Front 39

How is bond dissociation related to bond strength

Back 39

as bond dissociation increases, bond strength increases

Front 40

Delta G =

Back 40

-2.303RT(logk)