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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Formaldehyde |
Methanal |
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Acetaldehyde |
Ethanal |
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Priopionaldehyde |
Propanal |
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Acetone |
2-propanone |
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Constitutional isomer |
Same formula |
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Stereoisomer |
Same connectivity |
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Conformational isomer |
Different rotations around single bonds |
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Configurational isomer |
Change by breaking and reforming bonds |
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Enantiomer |
Opposite configuration at every chiral center |
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Specific rotation |
(observed rotation)/([] in g/mL*length in dm) |
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Diastereomer |
Different at some chiral centers |
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Bonding orbital |
Wave function signs are the same, less energy |
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Anti-bonding orbital |
Wave function signs are different, more energy |
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Lewis acid |
Accept electrons |
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Lewis base |
Donate electrons |
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Bronsted-Lowry acid |
Donate protons |
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Bronsted-Lowry base |
Accept protons |
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Acid disassociation constant, Ka |
[H+][A-]/[HA] |
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pKa |
-logKa |
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Lower pKa |
More acidic |
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Nucleophile |
More electron density, less electronegativity and bulk |
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Polar protic solvent |
Nucleophilicity increases from up to down |
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Polar aprotic solvent |
Nucleophilicity decreases from up to down |
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SN1 |
Carbocation |
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SN2 |
Stereospecific |
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Electron-withdrawing groups |
More acidic |
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Electron-donating groups |
Less acidic |
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Hydroquinone |
Benzene with two hydroxyls |
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Hydroxyquinone |
Two carbonyls and one or more hydroxyls |
