Digestive System

Front 1

The mucus layer in the digestive system is the first line of defense against infiltration of microorganisms, digestive enzymes and acids, digested food particles, microbial by-products, and food-associated toxins.

Back 1

Secrete mucus

Front 2

is the involuntary movement and relaxation of the muscle, intestines, or the organ that pushes canal from forward.

Back 2

Peristalsis

Front 3

opens to allow bolus in and peristalsis propels it along

Back 3

Upper esophageal sphincter

Front 4

- close most of the time to avoid any food particles to move backwards

Back 4

Lower esophageal sphincter

Front 5

The ______ stores the food eaten, breaks it down with digestive juices

Back 5

stomach

Front 6

are found on the surface around the gastric pit. These cells protect the stomach wall from being damaged by acid and digestive enzymes. In addition, when surface mucous cells are damaged, they are rapidly replaced.

Back 6

Surface mucous cells

Front 7

are located near the openings of the glands and produce mucus.

Back 7

Mucous neck cells

Front 8

produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Back 8

Parietal cells

Front 9

produce the enzyme pepsinogen. They also produce the enzyme gastric lipase, which can digest lipids in the stomach

Back 9

Chief cells

Front 10

promotes pepsin activity and kills microorganisms.

Back 10

Hydrochloric acid

Front 11

protects the stomach lining.

Back 11

Mucus

Front 12

is converted to pepsin, which digests proteins. Gastric lipase digests lipids.

Back 12

Pepsinogen

Front 13

The sight, smell, taste, or thought of food initiates the __________. Nerve impulses from the medulla stimulate hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, gastrin, and histamine secretion.

Back 13

cephalic phase

Front 14

__________, which enters the duodenum and stimulates neuronal reflexes and the secretion of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions, initiates the intestinal phase

Back 14

Acidic chyme

Front 15

is a lining in the intestine wall that increases surface area

Back 15

Villi

Front 16

covers the villi for a larger scope in absorption

Back 16

Microvilli

Front 17

Secretes digestive enzymes

Back 17

Small intestine

Front 18

Absorption of nutrients from the undigested food as the small intestine and get rid of any waste products

Back 18

Large Intestine

Front 19

the semi digested food will pass through the large intestine and turn into feces

Back 19

chyme

Front 20

is the elimination of feces

Back 20

Defecation

Front 21

is the process by which the teeth chew food in the mouth to begin the process of digestion.

Back 21

Mastication

Front 22

The liver has four lobes:

Back 22

right, left, caudate, and quadrate.

Front 23

The ______ are composed of columns of hepatocytes separated by the bile canaliculi.

Back 23

hepatic cords

Front 24

The ______ are enlarged spaces filled with blood and lined with endothelium and hepatic phagocytic cells

Back 24

sinusoids

Front 25

❖Affects the digestion by producing bile that aids in digesting fats

❖Filters out toxins and waste such as alcohol and poisons

Back 25

Liver

Front 26

stores and concentrates bile.

Back 26

gallbladder

Front 27

stimulates gallbladder contraction

Back 27

Cholecystokinin

Front 28

is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. Its exocrine function is the production of digestive enzymes.

Back 28

pancreas

Front 29

Regulates Insulin and Glucagon hormone

Back 29

Gallbladder

Front 30

The small intestine is divided into the

Back 30

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Front 31

is the intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach.

Back 31

Ingestion

Front 32

is the movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract, without forward movement.

Back 32

Mixing

Front 33

is the intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach.

Back 33

Ingestion

Front 34

4 Major Tunics in the inside of the tube, going outward.

Back 34

1. Mucosa

2. Submucosa

3. Musclaris

4. Serosa or adventia

Front 35

- energy releasing by the break down of molecules

Back 35

Catabolism

Front 36

- gaining and building up of molecules

Back 36

Anabolism

Front 37

- the amount of heat necessary to change water

Back 37

Calorie

Front 38

- substances taken into the body to be used for production of ATP and other chemical reactions.

Back 38

Nutrients

Hint 38

(1) Carbohydrates, (2) lipids, (3) proteins, (4) vitamins, (5) mineral , and (6) water

Front 39

is the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other.

Back 39

Propulsion

Front 40

is the movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract, without forward movement.

Back 40

Mixing

Front 41

It is the contractions that move material in the distal parts of the large intestine to the anus.

Back 41

Mass movements

Front 42

in the stomach are gentle contractions that churn the food with gastric secretions. Ingested food is stored and mixed in the stomach, from where it is slowly released into the small intestine.

Back 42

Mixing waves

Front 43

mix food particles with digestive secretions in the small intestine.

Back 43

Segmental contractions

Front 44

are added to lubricate, liquefy, buffer, and digest the food as it moves through the digestive tract.

Back 44

Secretions

Hint 44

Mucus, water and enzymes

Front 45

is the breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts.

Back 45

Digestion

Front 46

is the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or into the lymphatic system. The mechanism by which absorption occurs depends on the type of molecule involved

Back 46

Absorption

Front 47

is the process by which the waste products of digestion are removed from the body. The semisolid waste product is called faces that were stored in the distal large intestine and eliminated through a process of defecation.

Back 47

Elimination