Oral Pathology - Chapter 6

Front 1

Genes that are located at the same level or locus in the two chromosomes of a pair and that determine the same funtions or characteristics.

Back 1

Alleles

Front 2

Main component of proteins.

Back 2

Amino acids

Front 3

Nonsex chromosomes, which are identical for men and women.

Back 3

Autosomes

Front 4

Condensed chromatin of the inactivated X chromosome, which is found at the periphery of the nucleus of cells in women.

Back 4

Barr body

Front 5

A heterozygous individual who is clinically normal but who can trasmit a recessive trait or characteristic; also, a person who is homozygous for an autosomal-dominant condition with low penetrance.

Back 5

Carrier

Front 6

Constricted portion of the chromosome that divides the short arms from the long arms.

Back 6

Centromere

Front 7

Either of the two vertical halves of a chromosome that are joined at the centromere.

Back 7

Chromatid

Front 8

Vertical sequence of three bases in DNA that codes for an amino acid.

Back 8

Codon

Front 9

A substance composed of a double chain of polynucleotides; double helix; basic genetic code for amino acid formation.

Back 9

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 10

Having two sets of chromosomes; the normal constitution of somatic cells.

Back 10

Diploid

Front 11

In genetics a trait or characteristic that is manifested when it is carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes.

Back 11

Dominant

Front 12

Degree of clinical manifestation of a trait or characteristic.

Back 12

Expressivity

Front 13

Appearance of the face.

Back 13

Facies

Front 14

Spermatozoon or ovum

Back 14

Gamete

Front 15

Having more than one inheritance pattern.

Back 15

Genetic heterogeneity

Front 16

Cell with a single set of chromosomes; a gamete

Back 16

Haploid

Front 17

Individual with two different genes at the allele loci.

Back 17

Heterozygote

Front 18

Individual with identical genes at the allele loci.

Back 18

Homozygote

Front 19

Abnormally diminished secretion of sweat.

Back 19

Hypohidrosis

Front 20

Presence of less than the normal amount of hair.

Back 20

Hypotrichosis

Front 21

Photomicrographic representation of a person's chromosomal constitution arranged according to the Denver classification.

Back 21

Karyotype

Front 22

Position occupied by a gene on a chromosome.

Back 22

Locus or loci (pl)

Front 23

Two step cellular division of the original germ cells, which reduces the chromosomes from 4nDNA to 1nDNA.

Back 23

Meiosis

Front 24

Phase of cellular division in which the chromosomes are lines up evenly along the equatorial plane of the cell and in which they are most visible.

Back 24

Metaphase

Front 25

Cytoplasmic organelles that have their own DNA in a circular chromosome.

Back 25

Mitochondrial

Front 26

Way in which somatic cells divide so that the two daughter cells receive the same number of identical chromosomes.

Back 26

Mitosis

Front 27

Permanent change in the arrangement of genetic material.

Back 27

Mutation

Front 28

Process of formation of female germ cells (ova).

Back 28

Oogenesis

Front 29

Frequency with which a heritable trait is exhibited by individuals carrying the gene or genes that determine that trait.

Back 29

Penetrance

Front 30

Entire physical, biochemical, and physiologic makeup of an individual; the observable appearance.

Back 30

Phenotype

Front 31

The genetic composition of an individual.

Back 31

Genotype

Front 32

Trait or characteristic that shows clinically when a double-gene dose (homozygous) exists in autosomic chromosomes or a single-gene dose exists in males if the trait is X linked.

Back 32

Recessive

Front 33

Single strand of polynucleotides found in all cells; production of proteins.

Back 33

RNA -Ribonucleic acid

Front 34

Cytoplasmic organelles in which protein are formed on the basis of the geneitc code provided by RNA.

Back 34

Ribosomes

Front 35

Process of formation of spermatozoa

Back 35

Spermatogenesis

Front 36

Set of signs or symptoms occuring together.

Back 36

Syndrome

Front 37

Portion of a chromosome attached to another chromosome.

Back 37

Translocation

Front 38

Pair of chromosomes with an identical extra chromosome.

Back 38

Trisomy

Front 39

Each cell of the human body with the exception of mature cells (ova and sperm) have how many chromosomes?

Back 39

46, half derived from father and half from mother.

Front 40

All cells in the body with the exeption of ova and sperm are called?

Back 40

Somatic cells

Front 41

What are the three phases of mitosis and where does DNA replication take place?

Back 41

Gap 1 (G) Phase
S phase (dna replication)
Gap 2 (G2) phase

Front 42

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Back 42

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Front 43

In this phase of mitosis, chromosomes are arranged almost symmetrically at both sides of the center of the cell.

Back 43

Metaphase

Front 44

Long arms are known as?

Back 44

Q arms

Front 45

Short arms are known as?

Back 45

P arms

Front 46

During which phases of mitosis do chromatids split?

Back 46

Anaphase and Telophase

Front 47

In first meiosis, after pairing, the two chromosomes establish actual contact at different locations; these contacts are known as?

Back 47

Chiasmata

Front 48

This condition happens when three chromosomes 21 are found instead of two; slanted eyes, gingivoperidontitis, fissured tongue, hypodontia TREATMENT: root planning and scaling.

Back 48

Down syndrome
Trisomy 21

Front 49

In which meiosis phase does the chromosome split longitudinally?

Back 49

Second Meiosis

Front 50

The inactivation of one of teh X chromosomes in a female embryo was postulated by and is known as?

Back 50

mary Lyon
Lyon hypothesis

Front 51

Chromosomes contain DNA; the basic unti of DNA is called ________ and DNA has four bases and they are ____________.

Back 51

Nucleotide
ADENINE
GUANINE
THYMINE
CYTOSINE

Front 52

Which base of DNA pairs with which?

Back 52

A/T adenine to thymine
GC guanine to cytosine

Front 53

A ____________ is often equated with the unit that forms a polypeptide.

Back 53

Gene

Front 54

Responsible for the production of protein and uses the base Uracil which replaces Thymine in DNA

Back 54

RNA - Ribonucleic acid

Front 55

What are the four types of RNA?

Back 55

mRNA messenger rna
tRNA transfer rna
rRNA ribosomal rna
hnRNA heterogeneous rna

Front 56

Type of RNA which is a blueprint of teh genetic DNA for the coding of proteins.

Back 56

mRNA

Front 57

Type of RNA which brings amino acids from the cytoplams to the ribosomes.

Back 57

tRNA

Front 58

Type of RNA which combines with several polypeptides to form ribosomes.

Back 58

rRNA

Front 59

Type of RNA which is found within the nucleus and is the precursor of mRNA.

Back 59

hnRNA

Front 60

Two categories of Chromosome abnormalities.

Back 60

Gross abnormalities
Molecular abnormalities

Front 61

Which category of chromosome abnormality occurs at the DNA level and cannot be viewed microscopically?

Back 61

Molecular abnormality

Front 62

Gross chromosomal alterations can be observed in a ________.

Back 62

Karyotype

Front 63

What type of gross chromosomal abnormalities do these represent: Euploid, Polyploid, and Aneuploid?

Back 63

Alterations in number

Front 64

What type of gross chromosomal abnormalities do these represent: Deletion, Inversion, Duplication?

Back 64

Alterations in structure

Front 65

A condition that is a result of nondisjunction and it's mostly associated with late maternal age at the time of conception; characterized by slanted eyes, shorter, heart abnormalities, intelligence from near normal to marked handicap.

Back 65

Trisomy 21 aka Down syndrome

Front 66

What are the oral manifestations of Down syndrome?

Back 66

Fissured tongue
Premature loss of teeth
Bone loss
Gingival and Periodontal disease
Hypodontia
Abnormally shaped teeth
Crowding of teeth

Front 67

70% of live-born infants die withint the first 7 months; cleft lip and palate, microphthalmia or anophthalmia; growth retardation; polydactyly of hands and feet, clenching of the fist with thumb under fingers, heart malformations, anomalies of external genitals; one extra chromosome.

Back 67

Trisomy 13

Front 68

One X chromosome missing; webbing of neck; edema of hands and feet, chest is broad with wide-spaced nipples; body hair is sparse; ovaries not developed; primary amenorrhea; lack of Barr bodies.

Back 68

Turner syndrome

Front 69

Once extra X chromosome in the ova of older woman; condition cannot be detected until after pubity; taller; 50% have development of female breasts; lower intelligence; smaller testes; underdeveloped maxilla; presence of one Barr body for each extra X chromosome; gynecomastia; karyotype shows two X chromosomes or more.

Back 69

Klinefelter syndrome

Front 70

Newborns with a chromosome 5 deletion exhibit a cat like cry at birth and they are mentally retarded; no oral abnormalities.

Back 70

Cri du chat (Cat Cry) syndrome

Front 71

Most newborns with the deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 have a cleft palate and lower intelligence.

Back 71

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome

Front 72

What are the four possible inheritance patterns?

Back 72

Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive

Front 73

A condition having this type of inheritance is transmitted vertically from one generation to the next.

Back 73

Autosomal-dominant inheritance

Front 74

An individual can carry a gene with a dominant effect without presenting any clinical manifestations.

Back 74

Lack of penetrance

Front 75

Both parents are carriers of a trait and child is homozygous for the gene; child is affected with that trait.

Back 75

Autosomal-recessive inheritance

Front 76

Where do X-linked trait transmittions not able to occur?

Back 76

Male to male (father to son) transmission because the male's X chromosome is only transmitted to females and not males.

Front 77

If a mother has a dominant X-linked trait what are the results?

Back 77

All offsprings are affected because of the dominance of the X chromosome.

Front 78

If a mother has a recessive X-linked trait what are the results?

Back 78

50% risk of having affected male and 50% risk of having carrier daughter

Front 79

What is the Lyon hypothesis?

Back 79

One of the X chromosomes in the female if genetically cancelled at an early stage in embryonic development.

Front 80

Recessive means that the individual must be _________ in order for the trait to be seen.

Back 80

Homozygous

Front 81

Is blood group O recessive or dominant?

Back 81

recessive

Front 82

Is blood group A recessive or dominant?

Back 82

dominant

Front 83

Group AB is said to be?

Back 83

Codominant

Front 84

The four inheritance patterns refer to the characteristics that are governed by the action of one gene.

Back 84

Single-gene inheritance

Front 85

The characteristics or traits that are inherited by the participation of several genes.

Back 85

Oligogenic inheritance

Front 86

Most physical characteristics including tooth shape, form and eye color are determined by ___________ inheritance.

Back 86

Oligogenic inheritance

Front 87

Responsible gene is ELA-2 (neutrophil elastase gene) chromosome 19; characterized by a decrease in number os neutrophils.

Back 87

Cyclic neutropenia

Front 88

What are the clinical manifestations of cyclic neutropenia?

Back 88

Fever
Malaise
Sore throat
Cutaneous infections
Severe ulcerative gingivitis or gingivostomatitis
Ulcers on the tongue and oral mucosa that have a craterlike appearance; very painful and have bleeding
ORAL MUCOSA & PERIODONTIUM: GINGIVITIS, PERIODONTITIS ULCERS, HEMORRHAGE

Front 89

A decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils.

Back 89

Neutropenia

Front 90

This type of neutropenia is inherited as an autosomal dominant and this type is inherited as an autosomal recessive.

Back 90

Cyclic - dominant
Chronic - recessive

Front 91

Chronic neutropenia is also known as ____________.

Back 91

Kostmann syndrome

Front 92

What serious conditions can cyclic neutropenia lead to?

Back 92

Severe peridontal disease
Loss of alveolar bone
Tooth mobility
Exfoliation of teeth

Front 93

What conditions are treated with periodic G-CSF?

Back 93

Cyclic and Chronic neutropenia

Front 94

Marked destruction of periodontal tissues (periodontoclasia); premature loss of teeth (all teeth lost by age 14); hyperkeratosis of teh palms of hands and soles of feet; at 1 1/2 to 2 years of age there is marked gingivoperiodontal inflammation causing edema, bleeming, alveolar bone resorption, mobility of teeth.....teeth are lost, permanent dentition erupts, pattern is repeated.

Back 94

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome

Front 95

What is the treatment for papillon-lefevre syndrome?

Back 95

Retinoid therapy is used for the skin condition but has no effect on periodontal disease.

Front 96

Hyperkeratinization of the palms and soles; starts at the tips of fingers and toes and extends to the surface of the palms and soles.

Back 96

Focal Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis

Front 97

Hyperkeratinization of the labial and lingual gingiva.

Back 97

Focal Gingival Hyperkeratosis

Front 98

This syndrome includes gingival hypertrophy.

Back 98

Gingival fibromatosis

Front 99

Condition that causes extensive gingival enlargement which covers teeth completely within a few years.

Back 99

Gingival hypertrophy

Front 100

This syndrome includes gingival fibromatosis, dysplastic or absent nails and malformed nose and ears, enlarged liver and spleen (hepatoslenomegaly) and hypoplasia of terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes with a froglike appearance.
MARKED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, ABNORMAL NAILS, SHORT FINGERS AND TOES

Back 100

Laband syndrome

Front 101

Syndrome that incluses gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis(excessive hair growth), epilepsy, and mental retardation. AFFECTS GINGIVA, HAIR, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, ABUNDANT BODY HAIR, EPILEPSY

Back 101

Gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis, epilepsy, and mental retardation syndrome.

Front 102

Hypertrophy of the nail beds and multiple hyaline fibrous tumors developing on the nose, chin, head, back, fingers, thighs, and legs. AFFECTS THE GINGIVA, NAILS, MUCOSA, AND SKIN; GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, HYPERTROPHY OF NAILS, MULTIPLE TUMORS

Back 102

Gingival fibromatosis with multiple hyaline fibromas aka Murray-Puretic Drescher syndrome.

Front 103

Progressive bilateral facial swelling that appears between the age of 1 1/2 and 4 years of age; mandible is mostly involved, when maxilla is involved there is a displacement of the eyes; radiograph shows soap-bubble appearance of jaws; associated with pseudoanodontia, size of jaw tends to increase rapidly until age 20 to 30, bone appears normal but facial deformity remains. BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT OF FACE; MANDIBLE.

Back 103

Cherubism

Front 104

This syndrom affects dwarfs; hands show supernumerary digits; fingernails and toenails are deformed; curved legs; heart defects; anomalies of genitals. AFFECTS GINGIVAL, TEETH, ALVEOLAR RIDGE, HANDS; ABSENT UPPER VESTIBULE, SERRATED LOWER ALVEOLAR RIDGE, POLYDACTYLY.

Back 104

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome

Front 105

What are the oral manifestations of Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome?

Back 105

Fusion of the anterior portion of the maxillary gingiva to the upper lip from canine to canine; v-notch appearance in the midline of upper lip; central incisors generally lacking or replaced by centrally located abnormal tooth; conical shape teeth; enamel hypoplasia; 50% have natal teeth.

Front 106

In this condition, the cranium develops a mushroom shape because the fontanelles remain open, face appears small; the neck is long and narrow and there is hypoplasia of clavicles. AFFECTS TEETH, CLAVICLES, SKULL; SUPERNUMERARY TEETH, ABSENT CLAVICLES, OPEN FONTANELLES

Back 106

Cleidocranial dysplasia

Front 107

What are the oral manifestations of Cleidocranial dysplasia?

Back 107

Supernumerary teeth
Third dentition
Pseudoanodontia
Lack of cellular cementum
Multiple cysts in association with impacted teeth.

Front 108

Also known as familial colorectal polyposis; presence of osteomas in various bones, especially the frontal bones, mandible, and maxilla; facial asymmetry; odontomas can occur in the jawbones, especially the mandible, teeth exhibit hypercementosis and fail to erupt; the most serious component of the condition is presence of intestinal polyps which become malignant by age 30. AFFECTS THE MANDIBLE AND MAXILLA; MULTIPLE OSTEOMAS, COLON POLYPS, ADENOCARCINOMA

Back 108

Gardner Syndrome

Front 109

The facies shows downward sloping of the palpebral fissures, a hypoplastic nose, hypoplastic malar bones with hypoplasia or absence of zygomatic processm; abnormal and misplaced ears, and a receding chin; the mouth appears fishlike; downward sloping of the lip commisures; lower eyelids show a cleft; lack of lashes; ears may exhibit tags; deafness. MANDIBLE, TEETH, EARS; HYPOPLASTIC MANDIBLE, MALPOSED TEETH, DEAFNESS.

Back 109

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

Front 110

What are the oral manifestations of the mandibulofacial dysostosis?

Back 110

Hypoplastic mandible
Flattened condyles
Malposed teeth
Malocclusion with open bite
High palate
Cleft
Gingival disease

Front 111

Also known as Gorlin syndrome; mild hypertelorism (increased distance between the eyes); frontal and parietal enlargement and broad nasal root; congenital lesions characterized by skin pigmentation called nevus or nevi (pl) can be found on the nose, eyelids, cheeks, neck, arms, and trunk; they can be flesh colored or brown and develop singly or clusters; palms and soles show small pits that become filled with dirt and appear like dark spots; associated with bifurcation of ribs (hunchback); and medulloblastoma (brain tumor). AFFECTS THE MANDIBLE, MAXILLA, SKIN; MULTIPLE ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYSTS AND BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Back 111

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

Front 112

Congenital lesion characterized by skin pigmentation found in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Back 112

Nevus

Front 113

What are the oral manifestations of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome?

Back 113

Multiple cysts of the jaws
Occasionally ameloblastoma arises in these cysts
Cysts may arise at age 5 or 6 and may interfere with normal development of jawbone and teeth.

Front 114

The basic defect of this condition involves collagen and results in abnormally formed bones that fracture easily; bowing of legs, curvature of spine; deformity of skull; shortening of arms and legs; the mildest form is blue sclerae.

Back 114

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Front 115

What are the oral manifestations of Osteogenesis imperfecta?

Back 115

Dentinogenesis imperfecta like condition; primary teeth are affected 80% of patients; teeth appear opalescent or translucent at time of eruption; the enamel is lost.

Front 116

Bony overgrowth that occurs on the lingual aspect of the mandible; symptomless and generally requires no treatment.

Back 116

Mandibular tori

Front 117

Bony overgrowth that occurs on the midline of the palate; mostly affects women; rarely seen in children younger than 14; symptomless.

Back 117

Torus Palatinus

Front 118

Tori that generally develop on the buccal aspect of the maxillary alveolar ridge usually molar and premolar area; symptomless.

Back 118

Maxillary Exostosis

Front 119

Van der Woude Syndrome includes which conditions?

Back 119

Cleft lip palate and congenital lip pits.

Front 120

The labial pits are bilateral and are located near the midline of teh vermillion border of the lower lip; 3 mm or more; occasionally exude saliva; some patients that do not have clefting are missing max lateral or develop peg laterals; associated with cleft uvula and ankyloglossia.

Back 120

Cleft lip-palate and congenital lip pits syndrome.

Front 121

Also known as Osler-Rendu-Parkes Weber syndrome; multiple capillary dilations on the skin and mucous membranes; the skin on the face shows numerous pinpoint and spiderlike telangiectases, esp. on lips, eyelids, and around nose; scalp and ears are affected too; lesions are present in nasal mucosa and are responsible for nosebleeds that last several days (epistaxis). AFFECTS MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND SKIN; GINGIVAL BLEEDING

Back 121

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

Front 122

What are the oral manifestations of the Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia?

Back 122

Telangiectases found on tip and anterior dorsum of the tongue; hemorrahge from sites in oral cavity such as lips and tongue; risk of gingival hemorrhage.

Front 123

Patients are tall, thick large lips; everted upper eyelids; mucosal nodes are prominent on the lips and anterior dorsal of the tongue; the mucosal neuromas are seen as multiple, mobile, firm lumps covered by normal mucosa; associated with carcinoma of the thyroid; 20% patients die. AFFECTS ORAL MUCOSA, ESP TONGUE; MULTIPLE NODES ON TONGUE TIP, LIPS AND CHEEK MUCOSA.

Back 123

Multiple Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome

Front 124

Benign neoplasm that generally develops in ganglia around the adrenal glands; responsible for night sweats, high blood pressure, and episodes of severe diarrhea; increased urinary levels of epinephrine; cutaneuous pigmentation and skeletal abnormalities.

Back 124

Pheochromocytoma

Front 125

Multiple neurofibromas that appear as papules and growths of various sizes, on facial skin, esp. eyelids; also develop in the central nervous system, eyes, ears, viscera, and intraosseous locations; mental disability and skeletal anomalies.; cafe au lait pigmentation of skin is present in 90% of patients during the first decade of life.

Back 125

Neurofibromatosis of Von Recklinghausen

Front 126

What are the oral manifestations of Neurofibromatosis of Von Recklinghausen

Back 126

Single or multiple tumors at any location in the oral cavity most frequently on lateral borders of the tongue; gingival neurofibromas can also occur.

Front 127

Multiple melanotic macular pigmentations around the eyes, nose, and mouth; lips and buccal mucosa; pigmentation of the hands, nasal mucosa, associated with gastrointestinal polyposis. AFFECTS SKIN, ORAL MUCOSA, SMALL INTESTINE; PIGMENTED MACULES IN PERIORAL SKIN AND ORAL MUCOSA.

Back 127

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Front 128

Also known as Cannon disease, caused by the mutation of the keratin pair K4 and K13; white, corrugated, soft, folding oral mucosa; buccal mucosa is always affected; thick layer of keratin causes the whitening. AFFECTS BUCCAL MUCOSA; BILATERAL WHITENING OF BUCCAL MUCOSA.

Back 128

White Sponge Nevus aka Cannon disease and familial white folded mucosal dysplasia

Front 129

Tooth enamel that does not develop to a normal thickness because of failure of the ameloblasts to lay down enamel matrix properly; pitted, local, smooth, rough, and enamel agenesis. RANDOM PINPOINT PITS ON LABIAL AND LINGUAL

Back 129

Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta.

Front 130

Enamel of normal thickness that is poorly calcified; yellow to orange enamel that is very solt and rapidly lost, leaving exposed dentin; moth-eaten appearance; associated with anterior open bite. CHEESY SOFT ENAMEL, ANTERIOR OPENBITE

Back 130

Hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta

Front 131

Enamel with mottled apperance but normal thickness; composed of large amounts of enamel matrix; enamel is softer than normal; enamel chips easily; associated with snow-capped type which show maxillary teeth with whitish discoloration; enamel in this type is of regular strenght and does not chip off. ENAMEL SOFTER THAN NORMAL CHIPS EASILY

Back 131

Hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta

Front 132

This type of amelogenesis has yellow to brown teeth; pitted; large pulp chambers and is associated with taurodontic teeth. WHITE DISCOLORATION SURFACE ENAMEL OCCLUSAL ONE THIRD

Back 132

Hypoplastic-hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta

Front 133

Is also known as hereditary opalescent dentin; teeth are bulbous; brown to brownish-blue; primary teeth are usually affected; dentin is very soft; chipping of enamel, attrition; no pulp or root canals are seen on radiographs; defect lies in odontoblasts that lay down abrnormal matrix and then degenerate.

Back 133

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

Front 134

Dentin Dysplasia is subdivided into type 1 and type 2 which are named?

Back 134

Type 1 is radicular dentin dysplasia
Type 2 is coronal dentin dysplasia

Front 135

Teeth with normal crowns, abnormal roots; defect in disturbance of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath; radiographs show partial or total lack of pulp chambers and root canals; teeth may exfoliate prematurely; periapical cysts may be present.

Back 135

Radicular dentin dysplasia

Front 136

Translucent teeth with an amber color in primary dentition; radiographs show lack of pulp chambers and small root canals; permanent teeth present normal crown formation with normal color; radiographs show thistle-shaped pulp chambers in single-rooted teeth and bow-tie appearance of the pulp chambers of permanent molars.

Back 136

Coronal dentin dysplasia

Front 137

Its major components are hypodontia; less than normal amount of hair; diminished sweat secretion; fevers; some patients die of hyperthermia after prolonged exposure to sun or excercise; marked frontal bossing, saddle nose; protruded lips, complete lack of scalp hair; if hair is present it's blonde, short, fine, and stiff; skin is soft, thin, and very dry.

Back 137

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

Front 138

What are the oral manifestations of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

Back 138

Hypodontia or rarely anodontia
When present incisors and canines have small conical corwns; alveolar bone is formed only when teeth are present; lack of minor salivary glands.

Front 139

Spontaneous premature shedding of primary teeth especially mandibular incisors with no evidence of periodontal or gingival disease; total lack of cementum and lack of periodontal fiber attachment; improper formation of mature bone; rachitic-like changes such as bowing of legs and multiple fractures. AFFECTS BONES AND TEETH; PREMATURE LOSS OF PRIMARY ANTERIOR TEETH

Back 139

Hypophosphatasia

Front 140

Low levels of phosphorus; short stature; bowlegs; large pulp chambers with very long pulp horns; dentin cracks; pulpal infection; periapical abscess; gingival abscess; regional lymphadenitits.

Back 140

Hypophosphatemic Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets.

Front 141

Very large pyramid shaped molars with large pulp chambers; forcation of roots is apical; frequently found in Klinefelter syndrome (XXY).

Back 141

Taurodontism