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195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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circumscribed elevated lesion more than 5 mm in diameter (fluid filled)
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Bulla
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segment or lobe that is part of the hole
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lobule
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area of tissue that has a different color than the surrounding tissue-color comes from underneathe
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Macule
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a small circumscribed lesion usually less thean 1 cm wide/it's elevated
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Papule
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attached by a stemlike or stalk-like base (like a mushroom)
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Pedunculated
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variously sized elevated lesions containing pus
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Pustules
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the base of a lesion that is broad or flat
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Sessile
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a small elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that contains serous fluid
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Vesicle
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palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm in diameter/on soft tissue/can occur above, below, or level w/ the surface of the tissue
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Nodule
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evaluation by feeling w/ the fingertips
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Palpation
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abnormal redness
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Erythema
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an abnormal paleness
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Pallor
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1 cm =___ mm
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10 mm
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the ____ and ____ is used to describe the extent of a lesion
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height and width
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texture: wrinkled or _______
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corrugated
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a ______is a cleft or groove on surface showing prominent depth- can be normal or abnormal
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Fissure
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_______: resembling small nipple shaped projections found in clusters on surface
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Papillary
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surface texture can also be ____,_____, or ______.
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smooth, rough, folded
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bone lesions: (a-j)
lesions in bone/parts of a hole joining together:_______ |
Coalescence
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______:borders that aren't well defined
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diffuse
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_____:many lobes or parts
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Multicocular
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_____: black or dark areas on a radiograph
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Radiolucent
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_____&______ are terms used together to describe the development of a lesion
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radiolucent and radiopaque
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white area on a radiograph is called:______
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radiopaque
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Apex of a root appears shortened or blunted:_____ _____
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root resorption
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root appears eated away: this is called _____ around the root
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scalloping
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1 lobe or 1 component:_______
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Unilocular
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used to describe lesion w/ well defined border:____ _____
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Well Circumscribed
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the ____ makes the Diagnosis
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Dentist
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The diagnosis prcocess begins with ____ ______ done by the _____
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data collection/ hygienist
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usually need 2 categories to make a strong ______
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diagnosis
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there are ___ distinct categories the data falls into
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8
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sometimes a definitibe diagnosis can be made solely on the basis of ________
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observations
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Diagnosis is also achieved by ______ the lesion and knowing its history, size, color, shape, and location
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palpating
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Sometimes observation of clients ______ is adequate for diagnosis
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history
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Radiographs are used to get a ______
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diagnosis
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radiographs are moste useful for _____ tissue problems
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hard tissue
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sometimes its necessary to combine a/an ________ w/ a/an ________to get a diagnosis
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x-ray w clinical evidence
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Every client must have an up to date and accurate ______;INCLUDING 1_____2_____3_____4____
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history (sometimes most important for diagnosis)
1. MEDICAL 2. DENTAL 3. DRUG 4.CHIEF COMPLAINT |
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laboratory tests include: (3)
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1. blood work
2. urinalysis 3. cultures |
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_____ _______ is part of the laboratory process involves the ________ examination and identification of tissues obtained from a biopsy
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microscopic diagnosis/ microscopic
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good _____ technique is very important part of a microscopic diagnosis and its results will be combined with:
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biopsy/ clinical and historical findings
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______ diagnosis involves a ______ intervention which would provide the information necessary for a diagnosis
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Surgical/Surgical
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_______ diagnosis involves a specific ______ or ____ which is begun, then the problem is solved
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Therapeutic/ treatment or drug
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_________ diagnosis uses tests or procedures to rule out conditions that are suspected
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differential: 1. list of possibilities is developed using clinical findings, patient history, etc. 2. list is narrowed after tests are run
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_______of ______: some conditions that look like abnormalities yet, not considered too abnormal
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Variants of Normal (VON)
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_____ ______ are yellow bumps, grains under the skin- burried sebacious(oil) glands
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Fordyce's granules (VON)
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a lump of bone, lobulated, and looks white on x-ray:
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Torus Palatinus (VON)
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lumps of bone out of the jaw:
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Mandibular Tori (VON)
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different colored gigngiva found in diff. races:
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Melanin pigmentation (VON)
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a lump of tissue behind a cuspid:
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Retrocuspid Papilla
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like varicose veins under tongue (usually in elderly patients):
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Lingual Varicosities
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white line on cheek-occurs where teeth come together (or cheek biting):
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Linea Alba
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white cheek swelling:
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Leukoedema
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Benign conditions of unknown origin are contions that may look fairly serous but cause no harm and we do: list 5
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1. lilngual throid nodule
2. fissured tongue 3. median rhomboid 4. geographic tongue 5. hairy tongue |
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thyroid tissue misplaced-mass on back side of tongue (can be mistaken for the epiglottis):
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lingual thyroid nodule
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like clefts in tongue-sometimes related from candidiasis they had:
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fissured tongue
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middle of tongue has no filliform papillae-often caused by candidiasis:
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median rhomboid glossitis
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asymptomatic denuded areas (red and/or white patches that migrate around the tongue/red-pain/white-no pain):
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Geographic tongue-aka-benign migratory glossitis
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______ _____; 1: white-caused by x-tra long filliform papillae
2. brown or black-caused by chromogenic bacteria(in drugs) |
Hairy tongue
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Know Vocab pg 36 and 37 in book (Unit 2)
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READ
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______: anything that causes tissue damage including (4)
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injury: 1. physical injuries
2. chemical injury 3. invasion by microorganisms 4. nutritional deficeincies- render the tissues more susceptible to injury |
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_______ is a non-specific resopnse to injury that is the same regardless the injury
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Inflammation
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Inflammationa may be: ____,____or ______
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local, systemic, or acute
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the suffix "itis" denotes "an ______ of" a specific tissue
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inflammation
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The classic signs of inflammation are: (4)
these may be localized or systemic |
redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of movement
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systemic effects include: (name 3)
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fever, increase in # of circulating WBCs, and lymphadenophy (hardening of lymh nodes)
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: are the events of an injury that take place after an injury takes place and the ____-circulation has been effected
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Microscopic sequence of events/Micro-circulation
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White Blood Cells involved with microcirculation injury response: (6)
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1. neutrophils 2. monocytes (or macrophages) 3. lymphocytes 4. plasma cells 5. eosinophils 6. mast cells
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The Kinin system, Clotting mechanism,& Complement system are all ______ _______
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chemical mediators (or chemical agents)
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_____ _____ are responsible for many of the events involved in the inflammatory response
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chemical agents
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the _____ ____-is responsible for dilation of blood vessels and plays a role in pain
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Kinin system
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the______ _______ initiates clotting and activates the kinin system
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Clotting mechanism
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the ______ ______ takes plasma proteins that cause histamine release, cell death and compnents that help w/ phagocytosis
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Complement system
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name 3 systemic manifestations of inflammation:
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1. fever
2. increase in WBCs (leukocytosis) 3. lymphadenophy |
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______ inflammation results when an injury persists over time from trauma or infection; the "injury" is not removed and ________ can't come to a resolution
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Chronic Inflammation/inflammtion
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________ inflammation is characterized by the formation of granulomas
1. microscopic grouping of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes |
Granulomatous inflammation
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_______: increase in # of cells in a tissue or an organ
-usually a response to a chronic irritation -when irritation goes away the tissue often returns to normal |
Hyperplasia
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_______: an increase in size of a tissue or organ
-a # of cells does not increase/ONLY SIZE INCREASES |
Hypertrophy
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______: a decrease in size of cells
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Atrophy
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The _____ process is going to depend on the extent of the tissue damage from the injury
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repair
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?is the body's final defense mechanism & is an attempt to restore injured tissue
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repair
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Destroyed cells and tissues are going to be ______ w/ live cells and new tissue components during repair
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replaced
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White Blood Cells involved with microcirculation injury response: (6)
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1. neutrophils 2. monocytes (or macrophages) 3. lymphocytes 4. plasma cells 5. eosinophils 6. mast cells
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The Kinin system, Clotting mechanism,& Complement system are all ______ _______
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chemical mediators (or chemical agents)
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_____ _____ are responsible for many of the events involved in the inflammatory response
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chemical agents
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the _____ ____-is responsible for dilation of blood vessels and plays a role in pain
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Kinin system
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the______ _______ initiates clotting and activates the kinin system
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Clotting mechanism
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the ______ ______ takes plasma proteins that cause histamine release, cell death and compnents that help w/ phagocytosis
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Complement system
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name 3 systemic manifestations of inflammation:
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1. fever
2. increase in WBCs (leukocytosis) 3. lymphadenophy |
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______ inflammation results when an injury persists over time from trauma or infection; the "injury" is not removed and ________ can't come to a resolution
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Chronic Inflammation/inflammtion
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________ inflammation is characterized by the formation of granulomas
1. microscopic grouping of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes |
Granulomatous inflammation
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_______: increase in # of cells in a tissue or an organ
-usually a response to a chronic irritation -when irritation goes away the tissue often returns to normal |
Hyperplasia
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_______: an increase in size of a tissue or organ
-a # of cells does not increase/ONLY SIZE INCREASES |
Hypertrophy
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______: a decrease in size of cells
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Atrophy
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The _____ process is going to depend on the extent of the tissue damage from the injury
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repair
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?is the body's final defense mechanism & is an attempt to restore injured tissue
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repair
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Destroyed cells and tissues are going to be ______ w/ live cells and new tissue components during repair
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replaced
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White Blood Cells involved with microcirculation injury response: (6)
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1. neutrophils 2. monocytes (or macrophages) 3. lymphocytes 4. plasma cells 5. eosinophils 6. mast cells
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The Kinin system, Clotting mechanism,& Complement system are all ______ _______
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chemical mediators (or chemical agents)
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_____ _____ are responsible for many of the events involved in the inflammatory response
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chemical agents
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the _____ ____-is responsible for dilation of blood vessels and plays a role in pain
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Kinin system
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the______ _______ initiates clotting and activates the kinin system
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Clotting mechanism
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the ______ ______ takes plasma proteins that cause histamine release, cell death and compnents that help w/ phagocytosis
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Complement system
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name 3 systemic manifestations of inflammation:
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1. fever
2. increase in WBCs (leukocytosis) 3. lymphadenophy |
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______ inflammation results when an injury persists over time from trauma or infection; the "injury" is not removed and ________ can't come to a resolution
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Chronic Inflammation/inflammtion
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________ inflammation is characterized by the formation of granulomas
1. microscopic grouping of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes |
Granulomatous inflammation
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_______: increase in # of cells in a tissue or an organ
-usually a response to a chronic irritation -when irritation goes away the tissue often returns to normal |
Hyperplasia
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_______: an increase in size of a tissue or organ
-a # of cells does not increase/ONLY SIZE INCREASES |
Hypertrophy
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______: a decrease in size of cells
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Atrophy
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The _____ process is going to depend on the extent of the tissue damage from the injury
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repair
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?is the body's final defense mechanism & is an attempt to restore injured tissue
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repair
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Destroyed cells and tissues are going to be ______ w/ live cells and new tissue components during repair
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replaced
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White Blood Cells involved with microcirculation injury response: (6)
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1. neutrophils 2. monocytes (or macrophages) 3. lymphocytes 4. plasma cells 5. eosinophils 6. mast cells
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The Kinin system, Clotting mechanism,& Complement system are all ______ _______
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chemical mediators (or chemical agents)
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_____ _____ are responsible for many of the events involved in the inflammatory response
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chemical agents
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the _____ ____-is responsible for dilation of blood vessels and plays a role in pain
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Kinin system
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the______ _______ initiates clotting and activates the kinin system
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Clotting mechanism
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the ______ ______ takes plasma proteins that cause histamine release, cell death and compnents that help w/ phagocytosis
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Complement system
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name 3 systemic manifestations of inflammation:
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1. fever
2. increase in WBCs (leukocytosis) 3. lymphadenophy |
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______ inflammation results when an injury persists over time from trauma or infection; the "injury" is not removed and ________ can't come to a resolution
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Chronic Inflammation/inflammtion
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________ inflammation is characterized by the formation of granulomas
1. microscopic grouping of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes |
Granulomatous inflammation
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_______: increase in # of cells in a tissue or an organ
-usually a response to a chronic irritation -when irritation goes away the tissue often returns to normal |
Hyperplasia
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_______: an increase in size of a tissue or organ
-a # of cells does not increase/ONLY SIZE INCREASES |
Hypertrophy
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______: a decrease in size of cells
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Atrophy
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The _____ process is going to depend on the extent of the tissue damage from the injury
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repair
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?is the body's final defense mechanism & is an attempt to restore injured tissue
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repair
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Destroyed cells and tissues are going to be ______ w/ live cells and new tissue components during repair
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replaced
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White Blood Cells involved with microcirculation injury response: (6)
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1. neutrophils 2. monocytes (or macrophages) 3. lymphocytes 4. plasma cells 5. eosinophils 6. mast cells
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The Kinin system, Clotting mechanism,& Complement system are all ______ _______
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chemical mediators (or chemical agents)
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_____ _____ are responsible for many of the events involved in the inflammatory response
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chemical agents
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the _____ ____-is responsible for dilation of blood vessels and plays a role in pain
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Kinin system
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the______ _______ initiates clotting and activates the kinin system
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Clotting mechanism
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the ______ ______ takes plasma proteins that cause histamine release, cell death and compnents that help w/ phagocytosis
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Complement system
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name 3 systemic manifestations of inflammation:
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1. fever
2. increase in WBCs (leukocytosis) 3. lymphadenophy |
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______ inflammation results when an injury persists over time from trauma or infection; the "injury" is not removed and ________ can't come to a resolution
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Chronic Inflammation/inflammtion
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________ inflammation is characterized by the formation of granulomas
1. microscopic grouping of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes |
Granulomatous inflammation
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_______: increase in # of cells in a tissue or an organ
-usually a response to a chronic irritation -when irritation goes away the tissue often returns to normal |
Hyperplasia
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_______: an increase in size of a tissue or organ
-a # of cells does not increase/ONLY SIZE INCREASES |
Hypertrophy
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______: a decrease in size of cells
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Atrophy
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The _____ process is going to depend on the extent of the tissue damage from the injury
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repair
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?is the body's final defense mechanism & is an attempt to restore injured tissue
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repair
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Destroyed cells and tissues are going to be ______ w/ live cells and new tissue components during repair
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replaced
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(First) A ______ consists of locally produced fibrin, clumped RBCs and platelets.
_____ inflammation is also taking place. |
clot/acute
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(second)_______ tissue is an immature tissue. its formation can become excessive and we call that ______ repair.
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Granulation/ exuberant repair (usually removed surgically)
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(third)______ cells are going to cover over the area using the fibrin meshwork of the clot as a guide
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epithelial
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(fourth) _______ is eventually going to be digested and sluff off, which leaves the new tissue exposed.
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Fibrin: 1.the epithelium is thinner and
2. there is a temp. increase in vascularity |
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(fifth) granulation tissue is gong to remodel to a final state and we call that: _____ tissue
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Granulation to: Scar tissue
-ends up whiter than the surrounding tissue |
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Healing by _______ intention
-little loss of tissue--edges of injured tissue can be drawn closely together-small clot so-small scar |
Primary
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Healing by ______ intention
-greater loss of tissue-edges of injured tissue can't be drawn together-larger clot so- larger scar |
secondary
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healing by _______ intention
-infection occurs during the healing process -waiting to do a surgical repair until infection is controlled |
tertiary
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_______ is the physical wearing away of tooth surface from mastication
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Attrition
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_______ is grindig the teeth together for non-funtional purposes
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bruxism
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_______ is the pathologic wearing away of tooth structure, from repetitive mechanical habit (eventually exposes root surface on occlusals)
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abrasion
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_______: wedge shaped lsions in the cervical area of the tooth-related to fatigue, flexure, fracture, or weakened tooth structure
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Abfraction
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________: a loss of tooth from chemical action
-Xerostomia makes it worse |
erosion
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Name 4 causes of burns on soft tissue
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topical aspirin, phenol, elxtric burns, hot food
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_______ from self inflicted injuries-often related to ______; biting cheek, lip or tongue, and fingernails to gingiva
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lesions/habits
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lesions asscociated with cocaine use usually occurs on mid-palate when smoked, or can abbraid facial surfaces when ______
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rubbed on teeth and gingiva
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Traumatic _______: can have many causes from habits-or 1 time occurence-diagnosis often found by reviewing recent history
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traumatic ulcers
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_______ ______: inury by soft tissue-caused by chronic rubbing or friction on mucosal surface-will resolve is cause is removed-not malign
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frictional keratosis
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____ _____: raised, white line on the buccal mucosa at the occlusal plane
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linea alba
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______ _______; inflammation of the mouth, caused by heavy smoking, often w/ a cigar or pipe-hard/soft palate become red and eventually whitish w/ red dots
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Nicotine stomatitis
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Tobacco chewer's ____ _____ -found where the tabacco is habitually placed-a form of keratosis
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white lesion-will go away if habit is stopped
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_______ _____: occurs when a nerve and its sheathe are damaged-consists of nerve, schwann cells, and dense fibrous scar tissue-often painful and about 5 mm or less in diameter
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traumatic neuroma
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______ _____: bluish-gray spot or area on the gingiva or the oral mucosa-can occur when an an amalgam becomes embedded in the soft tissue
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amalgam tatoo
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____ ______: caused by a failed silver point-endodontic therapy
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focal argyrosis
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_____ _____: caused by exposure to the sun, degeneration of the lip tissue, occurs in older or younger people, vermilion border becomes indistinct
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solar cheilitis
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______: forms when a minor salivory gland duct is severed and the secretion spills into the adjacent tissue
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Mucocle
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______: forms on the floor of the mouth, it's associated w the sublingual gland
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ranula
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______: a stone in the salivary gland
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sialolith
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_______ connective tissue _______: consists of proliferating exuberant granulation tissue and dense fibrous conn. tissue-occurs as a result of overzelus repair(too much fixing)
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reactive conn. tissue hyperplasia
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______ ______: occurs in response to injur and usually starts on the interdental papillae-caused by changing in hormone levels (pregnancy/puberty)
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pyogenic granuloma-(no pus-can be fixed with surgery)
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______ ____ ______:caus not clear-peripheral-lesions outside of the bone(on gingiva ro alveolar process);central-lesion occuring w/in the bone
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Giant cell granuloma
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_____ _____: caused by chronic trauma usually on the buccal mucosa -usually fairly small
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irritation fibroma
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Denture induced _____ _______: occurs under bad fitting dentures
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fibrous hyperplasia
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_____ ______ of the palate is a form of denture stomatitis caused by a candida infection
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Papillary hyperplasia
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_____ ____-increase in the bulk of the gingival tissue/the free and the attached-can have many causes
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Gingival elargment
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_____:of short duration or of short and relatively secere course
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acute
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______:within bone
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central
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______: the directed movement of wbc's to the area of injury by chemical mediators
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chemotaxis
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______:persisting over a long time
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chronic
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______: the passage of wbc's to the area of injury by chemical mediators
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emigration
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______:inflammatory fluid formed as a reaction to injury of tissues and blood vessels
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exudate
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______:an elevation of body temp over 98.6 degrees
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fever
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______: an excess of blood in a body part
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hyperemia
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______: a process durin inflammation in which wbc's tend to move to the periphery of the blood vessel wall
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margination
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______:small blood vessels, including arterioles, capillaries, and venules, all of which can be affected by local changes as the result of inflammation
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microcirculation
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the pathologic death of one more cells or a portion of tissue or organ resulting from irreversible damage
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necrosis
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______:adherence of wbc's to the walls of a blood vessel during inflammation
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pavementing
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______:located away from the center; indicates that the location of a lesion is in the soft tissue surrounding bone
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peripheral
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______: a process of ingestion and digestion by cells
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phagocytosis
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_____: containing or forming pus
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purulent
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______: the process by which injured tissue is replaced with tissue identical to that present b4 the injury
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regeneration
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______: pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole
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systemic
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