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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Secretagogues |
Sulfonylureas Meglitinides |
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How do secretagogues work? |
Increase release of insulin to improve hyperglycemia |
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Most common adverse effect of sulfonylureas? |
Hypoglycemia Caused by too much medication or not eating enough food |
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What are the 4 sulfonylureas? |
Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glyburide (Diabeta) Glyburide (Glynase) |
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When should you take sulfonylureas? |
Do not take prior to exercise Check bp after Eat a snack with the drug |
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Why is there an interaction with taking sulfonylureas with beta blockers? |
Beta blockers mask the response of hypoglycemia Metropolol causes the opposite effect Need to check glucose levels more frequently |
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What are 2 meglitinides? |
Nateglimide (starlix) Repaglinide (prandin) |
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Most common adverse effect of meglitinides? |
Hypoglycemia |
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What is the duration of meglitinides? |
2-4 hours |
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3 interesting points on repaglimide? |
Cause weight gain Need to exercise Check blood sugars |
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Name 2 sensitizers |
Biguanides TZDs |
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When are biguanides prescribed? |
First in newly diagnosed diabetic |
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Example of a biguanide? |
Metformin (glucophage) |
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2 examples of TZDs? |
Pioglitrazone (Actos) Rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
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High risk of TZDs? |
Cardiovascular disease complication |
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If taking a TZD what would garlic and ginseng cause? |
Increase hypoglycemia |
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2 Incretin Enhancers |
Byetta (Exenatide) - GLP-1 Victoza (Liraglutide) - GLP-1 |
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What are incretin enhancers used for? |
Therapeutic or control of type 2 Can lose weight |
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How do incretin enhancers work? |
Stimulate insulin and amylin secretion from beta cells |
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Complications of incretin enhancers? |
Abdominal pain Cramps |
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2 more incretin enhancers |
Januvia (sitagliptin) - DPP-4 Tradjenta (linagliptin) - DPP-4 |
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Jenuvia can cause: |
Cystitis and candiditis (women monitor for infections and polyuria) Monitor WBC for infection Older adults on diuretics at risk for hypotension (stand slowly) May increase digoxin levels |
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Aloha glucosidase inhibitors |
Non-sulfonylurea Maintain ADA diet |
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When is acarbose (precose) given? |
First bite at beginning of meal |
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What to check for if patient is using acarbose long term? |
Liver function |
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How does a blood glucose level get under 50 mg/dL? |
Insulin overdose Improper time of insulin dose Skipping meals |
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S&S of hypoglycemia less than 50 mg/dL? |
Pale/cool Tachycardia/confusion Sweating Convulsion/death |
