Oral And Dental Pathology, Minimum Questions

Front 1

1. What is the clinical significance of dilacerations of the tooth?

Back 1

● Such a tooth may be difficult to extract.

Front 2

2. What is ‘anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia’?

Back 2

● This is a hereditary (X-linked) disorder: defect in the dentition resulting in
hypodontia (with conical incisors) + hypotrichosis (scanty hair) + anhidrosis
(inability to sweat).

Front 3

3. What is the frequency of hypodontia?

Back 3

● Relatively common condition affecting 3-7% of the population.

Front 4

4. What is the clinical significance of the presence of supernumerary or supplementary
teeth?

Back 4

● They may prevent the normal tooth from physiologic eruption (if needed, the extra
tooth should be extracted in time).

Front 5

5. What could be the oral manifestation of Down syndrome?

Back 5

● Hypodontia and palatal cleft.

Front 6

6. What is the typical location of mesiodens?

Back 6

● Between the upper incisors.

Front 7

7. What is the potential complication of dens in dente (dens invaginatus)?

Back 7

Caries of ‘dens in dente’ is common with a rapid penetration into the pulp
chamber to produce acute pulpitis.

Front 8

8. With non-invasive method, how can you recognize the presence of supernumerary
root(s) of a tooth prior to extraction?

Back 8

● By means of X-ray examination.

Front 9

9. What forms of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) are known?

Back 9

● AI, enamel hypoplasia
● AI, enamel hypocalcification
● AI, hypomaturation of enamel

Front 10

10. Classification of dentin production:

Back 10

● Primary dentin production (orthodentin)
● Secondary dentin production
● Tertiary dentin production

Front 11

11. What is the hallmark of the hereditary dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Back 11

● Defect in the dentinal (type IV) collagen production/structure.

Front 12

12. Major tooth-eruption disorders:

Back 12

● Persistent decidous teeth
● Impacted teeth
● Delayed eruption of teeth
● Ankylosed decidous teeth (submerged teeth)

Front 13

13. In which disease do you find the ‘Hutchinson’s incisors?

Back 13

● Congenital syphilis.

Front 14

14. Acquired disorders of tooth surfaces:

Back 14

● Attrition
● Abrasion
● Erosion

Front 15

15. What tooth lesion do you expect in case of bruxism?

Back 15

● Attrition.

Front 16

16. What is the disorder that is caused by inappropriately vigorous tooth-brushing?

Back 16

● Abrasion of the teeth.

Front 17

17. What are the potential complications of dentogingival plaques containing bacteria?

Back 17

● Caries formation
● Gingivitis
● Gingival atrophy

Front 18

18. Grossly, which acquired lesion can be confused with the hereditary amelogenesis
imperfecta exhibiting mottled enamel of the tooth surfaces?

Back 18

● Dental fluorosis.

Front 19

19. The major causes of tooth or root resorption:

Back 19

● Periapical inflammation
● Tumors and cysts
● Impaction of teeth

Front 20

20. What does DMF mean?

Back 20

● Decayed – Missing – Filled teeth

Front 21

21. What are the major causative factors that have roles in the development of caries?

Back 21

● Succrose consumption
● Bacteria (Str. Mutans, Lactobacillus Acidophilus etc).
● Dental plaque
● Acidic environment exposed to teeth surfaces.

Front 22

22. What are the major accessory factors for dental caries formation?

Back 22

● The general condition of denture including the position of the individual teeth, and
the status of the enamel.
● The level of oral hygienic habits (e.g., tooth brushing)
● The amount of fluoride content in the drinking water

Front 23

23. Clinical forms of caries:

Back 23

● Acute dental caries
● Chronic dental caries
● Recurrent caries
● Arrested caries

Front 24

24. Forms of caries according to the location:

Back 24

● Fissure caries
● Smooth surface caries
● Root or cement caries

Front 25

25. Forms of caries according to the origin:

Back 25

● Primary dental caries
● Secondary dental caries

Front 26

26. Forms of caries according to the depth of defect:

Back 26

● Caries incipient
● Superficial caries
● Caries media
● Caries profunda
● Caries penetrans

Front 27

27. What is the morphology of smooth surface caries of the enamel by means of
histological examination?

Back 27

● Triangular shape: the base is facing towards the surface of the tooth; the apex of
the triangle points to the dentin-enamel junction. The lesion has a tinctorial feature
of PAS positivity with striation structure.

Front 28

28. What is the morphological-microscopical characteristics of dentin caries?

Back 28

● The lesion shows demineralization, distended dentinal tubules, the presence of
bacterial colonies, fatty change of the odontoblasts leading to an effacement of the
original structure.

Front 29

29. Which age group is the most prevalent for acute pulpitis?

Back 29

● Children.

Front 30

30. What does pulp polyp represent?

Back 30

● Penetrating caries with chronic pulpitis.

Front 31

31. What is tylosis?

Back 31

● A rare hereditary disorder characterized by hyperkeratotic white plaques of
the mucosa, and hyperkeratosis of the palm and sole. As a late complication,
esophageal cancer may occur.

Front 32

32. Acquired white spot diseases:

Back 32

● Keratosis traumatica
● Smoker’s keratosis
● Hairy leukoplakia
● Oral candidiosis

Front 33

33. White spots of oral mucosa that are associated with skin or autoimmune disorders:

Back 33

● Lichen planus
● SLE
● Psoriasis

Front 34

34. What is the characteristic microscopical finding of lichen planus?

Back 34

● Subepithelial band-like lymphocytic infiltrate with the presence of Civatte bodies
and immunoglobulin deposition.

Front 35

35. WHO classification of leukoplakia:

Back 35

● Homogenous leukoplakia
● Speckled leukoplakia
● Verrucosus leukoplakia

Front 36

36. What is the clinical significance of nodular leukoplakia and erythroplasia?

Back 36

● They often exhibit severe dysplasia, or squamous cell carcinoma in situ at the time
of diagnosis.

Front 37

37. Most frequent oral intraepithelial carcinomas:

Back 37

● Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
● Bowen’s disease

Front 38

38. Most frequent invasive oral carcinomas:

Back 38

● Squamous cell carcinoma – most common
● Verrucous carcinoma
● Adenocarcinoma
● Malignant salivary gland tumors

Front 39

39. The biological behaviour and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoimas depend
on:

Back 39

● Tumor grade
● Tumor stage
● Anatomical location of the tumor

Front 40

40. Benign epithelial odontogenic tumors:

Back 40

● Ameloblastoma
● Pindborg’s tumor

Front 41

41. Mesenchymal odontogenic tumors:

Back 41

● Odontogenic myxoma
● Odontogenic fibroma
● Cementoma
● Cementifying fibroma

Front 42

42. Mixed (epithelial and mesenchymal) odontogenic tumors:

Back 42

● Ameloblastic fibroma
● Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
● Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

Front 43

43. Malignant odontogenic tumors:

Back 43

● Intraalveolar squamous cell carcinoma
● Ameloblastic carcinoma
● Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma
● Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma

Front 44

44. Non-infective ulcerative stomatitis with immunopathologic and genetic background:

Back 44

● Aphtous stomatitis-recurrent aphtae
● Bechet’s syndrome
● Oral lichen planus with erosion
● Wegener granulomatosis

Front 45

45. Major forms of infective stomatitis:

Back 45

● Acute necrotizing ulcerous gingivostomatitis (ANUG)
● Cancrum oris (Noma)
● Gonococcal ulceration
● Oral tuberculosis
● Actinomycosis
● Deep mycosis
● HIV-associated oral ulceration

Front 46

46. Major viral vesiculo-bullous oral mucosa lesions:

Back 46

● Primary herpetic stomatitis
● Herpes Zoster of the trigeminal area
● Measles (Morbilli)
● Chicken pox (varicella)

Front 47

47. Major bullous diseases with immunopathologic background

Back 47

● Pemphigus vulgaris
● Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
● Epidermolysis bullosa

Front 48

48. Maldevelopments of the lip and oral cavity:

Back 48

● Cleft lip
● Cleft palate
● Bifid uvula
● Cheilognathopalatoschisis

Front 49

49. Maldevelopments of the tongue:

Back 49

● Microglossia, macroglossia
● Ankyloglossia
● Cleft tongue
● Fissured (scrotal) tongue
● Lingual thyroid
● Lingual tonsil
● Fordyce granules

Front 50

50. Genetic diseases and vitamin deficiencies that may manifest in the oral cavity:

Back 50

● Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (melanin pigmentation of mucosa)
● Hunter’s glossitis (pernicious anemia)
● Plummer-Winson syndrome (iron deficiency)

Front 51

51. Acquired diseases that may manifest as macroglossia:

Back 51

● Amyloidosis
● Scleroderma
● Hypothyreosis
● Lingual varicosities
● Tumors of the tongue

Front 52

52. Acquired superficial non-neoplastic tongue lesions

Back 52

● Furred tongue
● Median rhomboid glossitis
● Geographical tongue
● Lingual varicosities

Front 53

53. Major inflammations of the lip:

Back 53

● Acute and chronic cheilitis
● Actinic cheilitis
● Cheilitis glandularis
● Cheilitis granulomatosa
● Cheilitis angularis

Front 54

54. Oral manifestations of granulomatous diseases

Back 54

● Wegener granulomatosis
● Lethal midline granuloma
● Chronic granulomatous disease
● Sarcoidosis
● Crohn’s disease
● Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

Front 55

55. Major risk factors of peri-odontitis:

Back 55

● Inappropriate oral hygienics
● Gingivitis, gingivo-dental plaque formation
● Impacted tooth
● Immunocompromised conditions
● Dietary factors, vitamin deficiencies

Front 56

56. Most common periapical inflammatory lesion:

Back 56

● Periapical granuloma

Front 57

57. Phases of wound healing in the oral cavity:

Back 57

● Exsudative phase
● Resorptive phase
● Proliferative phase
● Reparative phase

Front 58

58. The process of uncomplicated wound healing following tooth-extraction:

Back 58

● Collection of blood remnants (hematoma) at dental-alveolar site (1st day)
● Granulation tissue production and resorption of blood components (2-3. days)
● Surface re-epithelisation starting from the edges of the wound (4th day)
● Complete cover of the wound by re-epithelisation and osteoid formation of the
alveolar bone (5-7. day)
● Complete restoration of the soft tissue and calcification of osteoid tissues (20th
day)
● Complete remodelling including the alveolar bone (2nd-3rd months)

Front 59

59. Factors that may alter the process of normal wound healing following toothextraction:

Back 59

● Contamination of wound by pathogenic microbes
● Hemorrhagic diathesis
● Fistule formation at the site of wound
● Extensive alveolar bone damages and osteomyelitis following extraction
● The presence of malignant tumor or radio- and chemotherapy.
● Vitamin C deficiency, immunocompromised conditions

Front 60

60. Major non-infective gingival and periodontal tissue lesions:

Back 60

● Epulis (fibrous)
● Giant cell epulis
● Pyogenic granuloma
● Fibroepithelial polyp
● Gingival hyperplasia

Front 61

61. Major odontogenic cysts:

Back 61

● Periapical (radicular) cyst
● Dentigerous cyst
● Eruption cyst
● Odontogenic keratocyst
● Calcifying odontogenic cyst