Or 8Th Grade Science : The Geosphere

Front 1

Geologists

Back 1

A scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet Earth.

Front 2

The 4 main layers of the Earth, from the center to the outmost.

Back 2

inner core, outer core, mantle and listhosphere

Front 3

Crust

Back 3

The outer skin of the Earth, 5-40km thick, consists of basalt which is dense and granite which is less dense

Front 4

Mantle

Back 4

The second layer of the Earth, composed of hot, solid rock under great pressure that flows like a liquid.

Front 5

Inner Core

Back 5

A dense, solid sphere at the center of the Earth. It is made of iron and nickel.

Front 6

Convection

Back 6

The transfer of heat by movement of a heated fluid or air.

Front 7

Alfred Wegner

Back 7

He came up with theory of Pangea (supercontinent) that began to break apart known as continental drift.

Front 8

Evidence for continental drift

Back 8

Landforms, fossils, climate

Front 9

Sea floor spreading

Back 9

When molten material rises up from the mantle and erupts and spreads out to form ridge along the bottom of the ocean.

Front 10

Evidence for sea floor spreading

Back 10

molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling sample

Front 11

Subduction

Back 11

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle or when one crustal plate sinks beneath another. Volcanoes are most likely found along mid-ocean ridges and where a plate is subducted.

Front 12

Plate Techtonics

Back 12

It states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

Front 13

Plate Boundaries

Back 13

The crust of the Earth is divided into separate sections called plates. Plate Boundaries occur where the edges of the plates meet. There are three types: divergent, convergent, and transform.

Front 14

Transform Boundaries

Back 14

A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions. Earthquakes are quite common in areas around transform boundaries.

Front 15

Divergent Boundaries

Back 15

A place where two plates move apart, or diverge. creates rift valley. When two pieces of continental crust separate or at a divergent boundary a rift valley can be produced.

Front 16

Convergent Boundaries

Back 16

A place where two plates come together, or converge. creating a collision.A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a mountain range.

Front 17

Convection Current

Back 17

Heat from Earth's core and the mantel itself cause convection currents in the mantle. As the rock in the mantle is heated it rises and as it cools it fall, in a circular motion. It is thought that this process is what moves the plates found on Earth's surface.

Front 18

Pangaea

Back 18

According to Wegener the continents were joined together in a super-continent, or single land mass, about 300 million years ago.

Front 19

Fossil

Back 19

Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock. It could be footprints, bone, leaves or any organic matter.

Front 20

Continental Drift

Back 20

The theory that the continents slowly move across the Earth's surface.

Front 21

Outer Core

Back 21

A layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core.