Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
methotrexate mechanism
|
- S-phase specific antimetabolite
- folic acid analog that inhigits DHFR -> decreased dTMP -> decreased DNA and protein synthesis |
|
|
methotrexate clinical use
|
- leukemia, lymohoma, choriocarconima, sarcomas
- abortion, actopic pregnancy, rhemuatoid arthritis, psoriasis |
|
|
methotrexate toxicity
|
- myelosuppression, reversibe w/ leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue
- macrovasicular fatty change in liver |
|
|
5-FU mechanism
|
- S-phase specific antimetabolite
- pyrimidine analog bioactivated to 5F-dUMP - covalently complexes folic acid which inhibits thymidylate synthase -> decrease dTMP |
|
|
5-FU use
|
leukemias, lymphomas (not CLL or hodgkins)
|
|
|
5-FU toxicity
|
- BM, GI, liver
- metabolized to xanthine oxidase, so toxicity icreases w/ allopurinol |
|
|
busulfan - everything
|
- alkylates DNA
- used for CML - can cause pulmonar fibrosis or hyperpigmentation |
|
|
Cytrabine - everything
|
- inhibits DNA polymerase
- used for AML - can cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and megaloblastic anemia |
|
|
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide mechanism
|
- alkylating agent
- covalently link interstand DNA at G N-7 - requires bioactivation by the liver |
|
|
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide use
|
- NH lymphoma, breast and ovarian carcinomas
- acts as immunosuppressent |
|
|
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide toxicity
|
- myelosuppression
- hemorrhagic cystitis which can be prevented w/ mensa |
|
|
Nitosurases types
|
carmustine, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin
|
|
|
Nitosurases mechanism
|
- alkylates DNA
- requires bioactivation - can cross BBB |
|
|
Nitosurases use
|
brain tumors (including glioblastona multiform)
|
|
|
Nitosurases toxicity
|
CNS
|
|
|
Cisplatian, carboplatin mechanism
|
- alkylating agents
|
|
|
Cisplatian, carboplatin use
|
testicular, bladder, ovary, and lung carcinomas
|
|
|
Cisplatian, carboplatin toxicity
|
nephrotoxicity an acoustic nerve damage
|
|
|
doxorubicin (adriamycin) mechanism
|
- noncovalently intercalates in DNA
- creates breaks in CNA strands to decrease replication - generated free radicals |
|
|
doxorubicin (adriamycin) use
|
- part of ABVD combo regimin for hodgkins
- for myelomas, sarcomas, and solid tumors (breast, lung, ovary) |
|
|
doxorubicin (adriamycin) toxicity
|
- cardiotoxicity
- myelosuppression and marked alopecia - toxic sctravasation |
|
|
bleomycin, dactinomycin mechanism
|
formation of free radicals which can brek DNA
|
|
|
bleomycin, dactinomycin use
|
testicular cancer and lymphomas
|
|
|
bleomycin, dactinomycin toxicity
|
- pulmonary fibrosis
- skin changes - minimal myelosuppression (bleomycin) |
|
|
etopside mechanism
|
G2-phase agent that inhibits topoisomerase II adn increases DNA degradation
|
|
|
etopside use
|
- oat cell carcinomas of the lung
- prostate, testicular cancer |
|
|
etopside toxicity
|
- myelosuppression
- GI irritation - alopecia |
|
|
prednisone mechanism
|
- may trigger apoptosis
- may even work on nondividing cells |
|
|
prednisone use
|
- most commonly used glucocorticoid in chemo
- CLL, hodgkins (part of MOPP) - immunosuppressant |
|
|
prednisone toxicity
|
- cushing-like syndrome
- immunosup, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, hypertension, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, pshcyosis |
|
|
Tamoxifen, raloxifene mechamism
|
- estrogen receptor mixed agonist/antoagonist
- blocks the binding of estrogen to estrogen receptor positive cells |
|
|
Tamoxifen, raloxifene use
|
breast cancer, good to prevent osteoporosis
|
|
|
Tamoxivfn, raloxifene toxicity
|
- may increase risk of endometial carcinoma
- hot flashes |
|
|
trastuzumab (herceptin) mechanism
|
- momoclonal Ab against HER-2 (erb_B2)
- helps kill breast cnacer cells that overexpress it (Ab dependent cytotoxicity) |
|
|
trastuzumab (herceptin) use
|
metastatic breast cancer
|
|
|
trastuzumab (herceptin) toxicity
|
cardiotoxicity
|
|
|
vincristine, vinblastine mechanism
|
- M-phase alkaloid
- binds tubulin to block poly of microtubules - mitotic spindle cant form |
|
|
vincristine, vinblastine use
|
- lymphoma (MOPP) "Oncovin"
- wilms' tumor - choriocarcinoma |
|
|
vincristine, vinblastine toxicity
|
- vincristine has neurotoxicity, paralytic ileus
- vinBLASTin basts BM |
|
|
paclitaxel mechanism
|
- M-phase
- binds tubulin to hyperstabilize poly of microtubules - mitotic spindle cannot break down (no anaphase) |
|
|
paclitaxel use
|
ovarian and breast carcinoma
|
|
|
paclitaxel toxicity
|
myelosuppression and hypersensitivity
|
|
|
drugs that interfere w/ nuclutide synthesis to DNA
|
- methotrexate
- 5-FU - 6-MP |
|
|
drugs that interfere w/ DNA to mRNA
|
- alkylating agents and cisplatin - cross linkage
- dactomycin and doxorubicin - intercalte strands - bleomycin - etopside - strand breaks - steriods - tamoxifen |
|
|
drugs that interfere w/ protein
|
- vinca alkyloids - inhibit mucrotubule formation
- paclitaxel - inhibitmicrotubule disassembly |
|
|
drugs that get the M pahse
|
vinca alkaloids and taxols
|
|
|
drugs that get the G2 pahse
|
bleomycin
podophyllotoxins |
|
|
drugs that get the S pahse
|
podophyllotoxins
antimetabolites |
|
|
cell cycle specific
|
- antimetabolites
- plant alkyloids - steroid hormones - bleomycin - paxlataxel - etoposide |
|
|
cell cycle nonspecific
|
- alkylating agents
- antibiotics |
|
|
paclitaxel use
|
ovarian and breast carcinoma
|
|
|
paclitaxel toxicity
|
myelosuppression and hypersensitivity
|
|
|
drugs that interfere w/ nuclutide synthesis to DNA
|
- methotrexate
- 5-FU - 6-MP |
|
|
drugs that interfere w/ DNA to mRNA
|
- alkylating agents and cisplatin - cross linkage
- dactomycin and doxorubicin - intercalte strands - bleomycin - etopside - strand breaks - steriods - tamoxifen |
|
|
drugs that interfere w/ protein
|
- vinca alkyloids - inhibit mucrotubule formation
- paclitaxel - inhibitmicrotubule disassembly |
|
|
drugs that get the M pahse
|
vinca alkaloids and taxols
|
|
|
drugs that get the G2 pahse
|
bleomycin
podophyllotoxins |
|
|
drugs that get the S pahse
|
podophyllotoxins
antimetabolites |
|
|
cell cycle specific
|
- antimetabolites
- plant alkyloids - steroid hormones - bleomycin - paxlataxel - etoposide |
|
|
cell cycle nonspecific
|
- alkylating agents
- antibiotics |
