Old Testament

Front 1

Deuteronomy 6:4

Back 1

"Here, O Israel, the Lord your God, the Lord is one"

Front 2

INTERPRETATION 1

Back 2

"The Lord your God, the Lord is one"

Front 3

What does interpretation 1 mean?
("Lord is one")

Back 3

It is a statement about the nature of God – he is unique, indivisible, does not consist of multiple deities

Front 4

Why is interpretation 1 good?
("Lord is one")

Back 4

This is the translation supported by the Septuagint (Greek word: 'eis' = 'one')

Front 5

Why is interpretation 1 bad?
("Lord is one")

Back 5

The second “the LORD” is not really needed

Front 6

INTERPRETATION 2

Back 6

“The LORD is our God, the LORD alone”

Front 7

What does interpretation 2 mean?
("Lord alone")

Back 7

It argues that the Lord is the only God, and all other apparent gods are just false.

Front 8

Why is interpretation 2 good?
("Lord alone")

Back 8

Supported by Zechariah 14:9 "On that day there will be one Lord, and his name the one name."

Front 9

Why is interpretation 2 bad?
("Lord alone")

Back 9

It is VERY RARE for the words “YHVH eloheinu” to be translated as “the LORD our God”

Front 10

INTERPRETATION 3

Back 10

“The LORD our God is one LORD”

Front 11

What does interpretation 3 mean?
("Lord is one God")

Back 11

It argues that God is made up of one being, rather than many beings.

Front 12

What is the point of interpretation 3?
("Lord is one God")

Back 12

In ancient times, there were different gods for different places – there were Seths from 11 different cities in Ancient Egypt.

Front 13

Why is interpretation 3 good?
("Lord is one God")

Back 13

It makes the most sense from a translation perspective.

Front 14

Deuteronomy 6:7

Back 14

“speak of these words when you lie down and when you get up”

Front 15

Orthodox Jews + The Shema

Back 15

Orthodox Jews are required to recite the Shema as part of both their morning and evening prayers.

Front 16

What is the significance of reciting the Shema?

Back 16

RECITATION IMPLIES ASSOCIATION

Front 17

Why do Jews recite the Shema?

Back 17

By reciting the Shema, Jews are recognising God's authority as ruler of Israel.

Front 18

What happens if Jews do not recite the Shema?

Back 18

By not reciting the Shema Jews are effectively rejecting God's rule.

Front 19

Levenson on Interpretation 2
("Lord alone")

Back 19

“The Lord alone” translation reflects the Covenental Monotheism of the time

Front 20

Levenson on Interpretation 1
("Lord is one")

Back 20

“The Lord is one” translation reflects the Philosophical Monotheism of our time

Front 21

Levenson + Shema Commentaries

Back 21

“The Lord alone” translation is supported by the commentaries of Ibn Ezra and Rashbam.

Front 22

Levenson + Rashbam

Back 22

Rashbam: “'Hashem alone' – in Him alone we will serve, and will not add any other god to serve him”

Front 23

What happens in The Aqedah?

Back 23

God tells Abraham to sacrifice Isaac – he almost does it, but God stops him just before.

Front 24

How does von Rad try to understand the Aqedah?

Back 24

He employs techniques of Narrative Criticism to better understand the text.

Front 25

What motifs in the text does von Rad see in the Aqedah?

Back 25

TEMPTATION and FEAR OF GOD.

Front 26

von Rad - Isaac Quotation 1

Back 26

“Above all one must consider Isaac, who is much more than simply a foil for Abraham”

Front 27

von Rad - Isaac Quotation 2

Back 27

“Isaac is the child of promise”

Front 28

von Rad - Interpretation Quotation

Back 28

“a story like this is open to temptation and to whatever thoughts the reader is inspired”

Front 29

How does Levenson understand the Aqedah?

Back 29

Focus on Jewish tradition of obedience to God

Front 30

What does Levenson think is the most important part of the Aqedah?

Back 30

The Task of Abraham – his faith is being tested, sacrificing his son to God.

Front 31

What does Levenson use to understand the Aqedah?

Back 31

Uses interpretations of the Midrash, and early Jewish Commentaries (Bachya ben Asher and Rabbi Yose)

Front 32

How does Levenson see Abraham's obedience in the Aqedah?

Back 32

Repetition of “Here I am” - emphasises Abraham's obedience (Hebrew 'binneni' = 'ready')

Front 33

Levenson's BIG QUESTION on Obedience in the Aqedah

Back 33

Abraham's Obedience – because he has faith in God's promise that Isaac will not be harmed, or because he has blind faith in God?

Front 34

What do Gunn and Fewell focus on in the Aqedah?

Back 34

Focus on the moral character of Abraham in the context of his life.

Front 35

Gunn and Fewell - Abraham + Sarah

Back 35

Abraham sacrificed his first wife Sarah to strangers on two occasions.

Front 36

Gunn and Fewell - Abraham + Hagar

Back 36

Abraham sacrificed his second wife Hagar, first to affliction and then to ostracism.

Front 37

Gunn and Fewell - Abraham + Ishmael

Back 37

He sacrificed his first born son Ishmael to the wilds of the desert.

Front 38

Gunn and Fewell on Abraham

Back 38

Abraham = “a man who fears, a man in need of grace”

Front 39

Gunn and Fewell on Abraham 2

Back 39

Abraham appears emotionless – no hesitation to obey God

Front 40

Definition of Prophet

Back 40

Speaking on God's Behalf
(not necessarily about the future - could also refer to the past or present)

Front 41

GOAL of looking at OT Prophecy

Back 41

Finding the Authoritative Prophetic Message

Front 42

How do we find the Authoritative Prophetic Message?

Back 42

By removing Layers of Interpretation to reach the Pure Layer of Truth

Front 43

3 ways Jeremiah passes on God's message:

Back 43

1. Writing on a scroll
2. Speaking in poetry (ch. 2-6)
3. Prose Sermons (ch. 7)

Front 44

The Pure Original Prophecy

Back 44

Where AUTHORITY and TRUTH are found.

Front 45

The Final Text of Prophecy

Back 45

Some argue this is the actual source of AUTHORITY - this is the version which God intended to reach us.

Front 46

What is the context of the language of Prophecy?

Back 46

PERSONAL ADDRESS

Front 47

In what form does the DIVINE WORD come to Jeremiah from the Lord?

Back 47

In Human Words

Front 48

Prophecy appears in the First Person from Verse 4...

Back 48

"the word of the Lord came to me"
"the Lord put out his hand and touched my mouth"

Front 49

What does the Prophecy feature FOR Jeremiah?

Back 49

Words Of Assurance

Front 50

Words of Assurance from God to Jeremiah...

Back 50

"do not be afraid for I am with you to assist you"
(Jeremiah will face a lifetime of opposition as a prophet)

Front 51

What kind of power does Jeremiah not have?

Back 51

Military and Political Power

Front 52

What kind of power does Jeremiah have?

Back 52

Moral and Spiritual Power

Front 53

What kind of power does Jeremiah have?

Back 53

SOFT POWER

Front 54

Example of SOFT POWER

Back 54

2 Kings 2:12 - Elijah goes up into heaven. He is described by Elisha as being in "the chariots of Israel"

Front 55

Jeremiah 18

Back 55

God tells Jeremiah to go and see the potter
Jeremiah sees that the clay is formed into the shape the potter wants
IMAGERY - symbolises God's divine power

Front 56

Language of Prophecy Example

Back 56

When someone is about to be hit by a car, you shout "you're going to be run over" - what you mean is "move out of the way or else you will be run over"

Front 57

Jeremiah 7:3

Back 57

A challenge to the people to amend their ways

Front 58

Jeremiah 7:4

Back 58

A warning against the false words of others (includes first direct quotation from God)

Front 59

Jeremiah 7:5

Back 59

Hebrew Prophecy talks about justice for the least of society

Front 60

Jeremiah 7:6

Back 60

An example of the least of society

Front 61

Jeremiah 7:7

Back 61

A condition - if you the people do X, then they will receive Y

Front 62

Jeremiah 7:8

Back 62

Again a warning against deceptive words

Front 63

Jeremiah 7:9

Back 63

A list of forbidden things

Front 64

Jeremiah 7:10

Back 64

A second direct quotation ("we are safe")

Front 65

Jeremiah 7:12

Back 65

God describes a precedent - in Shiloh, they disobeyed God and got owned

Front 66

Jeremiah 7:14

Back 66

They will lose everything if they disobey God.