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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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England before English |
first were Celts until Rome dominated England AD 50 and departed 410 AD |
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What did Rome do for English? |
spoke latin, romanized with cities and christianity |
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Arrival of English |
Britian was weak when Rome left and Germanic people invaded in 449 |
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Dark Ages |
476-1450, historical records not existent |
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Who wrote most complete description of Germanic invasions? |
Venerable Bede |
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Who invaded England during Germanic invasions? |
Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians |
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AD 500 |
King Arthur won battle at Mt. BAdon against Germans and pushed them back |
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Heptarchy |
Northumberland, East Anglia, Mercia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, Wessex |
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Christianity of England |
597 AD pope Gregory, Synod, Treaty of Wedmore AD 878 |
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Pope Gregory |
sent missionaries to Kent in 597 to convert Southern England to Christanity, but Irish converted North England causing differences |
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Synod |
Christianity differences resolved |
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What religion were vikings? |
Pagan |
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Treaty of Wedmore |
AD 878, King Alfred able to revive intellectual life, forced vikings to accept Crhistianity and retreat to Dane law |
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What did Christianity do for England |
intellectual community of latin church, Latin alphabet and loanwords, could write |
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787 AD |
first viking attack |
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865 |
East Anglia raided and led to Danish control over North East England |
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King Cnut |
on throne 1016, viking king |
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1066 |
Edward died with no heir, Duke of Norway, William won |
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What were the sound additions in OE? |
sh, ch, jh |
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Changes with k |
K before consonant or back vowel, ch next to front vowel |
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Changes with g |
g before consonant, back vowels and front vowels from umlaut, y between back vowels or after l or r, j next to front vowel |
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sk change |
sh |
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gg change |
jh in medial or final position |
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Did OE have voiced fricatives? |
No |
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H in OE |
h before vowels and consonants, x elsewhere, palatal fricative after vowels |
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a
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ash |
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a |
long a |
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au |
ea |
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eu |
eo |
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prosody |
punctated with breath, stress and pitch not indicated |
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Futhorc |
runic alphabet, influced by Greek and Latin, 24 symbols |
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Latin alphabet |
adopted with christianization |
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oe spelling and punctuation |
standardized spelling, but not consistant, punctuation was not used to represent pause, captial vs. lower did not exist |
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OE inflecttions |
decreased |
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Noun genders |
had to deal with form not biological masculine, feminine, neuter |
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noun declensions |
2 |
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noun cases |
nominative, accusative, genative, dative |
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nominative |
subject |
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accusative |
direct object |
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genitive |
possession |
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dative |
indirect object |
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noun numbers |
singular and plural |
