Ohio State University Psych 1100 Chapter 15

Front 1

Demonic Model

Back 1

View of mental illness in which odd behavior, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body.

Front 2

Medical Model

Back 2

View of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment.

Front 3

Asylum

Back 3

Institution for people with mental illnesses created in the 15th century.

Front 4

Moral Treatment

Back 4

Approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness.

Front 5

Deinstituionalization

Back 5

1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals.

Front 6

Labeling Theorists

Back 6

Scholars who argues that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviors.

Front 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Back 7

Diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders.

Front 8

Prevalence

Back 8

Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder.

Front 9

Axis

Back 9

Dimension of functioning.

Front 10

Comorbidity

Back 10

Co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person.

Front 11

Categorical Model

Back 11

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree.

Front 12

Dimensional Model

Back 12

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind.

Front 13

Insanity Defense

Back 13

Legal defense proposing that people shouldn't be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren't of "sound mind" when committing them.

Front 14

Involuntary Commitment

Back 14

Procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves.

Front 15

Somatoform Disorder

Back 15

Condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin.

Front 16

Hypochondriasis

Back 16

An individual's continual preoccupation with the notion that he has a serious physical disease.

Front 17

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Back 17

Continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning.

Front 18

Panic Attack

Back 18

Brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy.

Front 19

Panic Disorder

Back 19

Repeated and Unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them.

Front 20

Phobia

Back 20

Intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat.

Front 21

Agoraphobia

Back 21

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack.

Front 22

Specific Phobia

Back 22

Intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat.

Front 23

Social Phobia

Back 23

Marked fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation seems likely.

Front 24

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Back 24

Maarked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event.

Front 25

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Back 25

Condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both.

Front 26

Obsession

Back 26

Persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress.

Front 27

Compulsion

Back 27

Repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress.

Front 28

Anxiety Sensitivity

Back 28

Fear of anxiety-related sensations.

Front 29

Major Depressive Episode

Back 29

State in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties.

Front 30

Cognitive Model of Depression

Back 30

Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations.

Front 31

Learned Helplessness

Back 31

Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control.

Front 32

Manic Episode

Back 32

Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior.

Front 33

Bipolar Disorder

Back 33

Condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode.

Front 34

Personality Disorder

Back 34

Condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment.

Front 35

Borderline Personality Disorder

Back 35

Condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control.

Front 36

Psychopathic Personality

Back 36

Condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness, and risk taking.

Front 37

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

Back 37

Condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and / or illegal activities.

Front 38

Dissociative Disorder

Back 38

Condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.

Front 39

Depersonalization Disorder

Back 39

Condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization.

Front 40

Dissociative Amnesia

Back 40

Inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.

Front 41

Dissociative Fugue

Back 41

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events.

Front 42

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Back 42

Condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the person's behavior.

Front 43

Schizophrenia

Back 43

Severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality.

Front 44

Delusion

Back 44

Strongly held, fixed believe that has no basis in reality.

Front 45

Psychotic Symptom

Back 45

Psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality.

Front 46

Hallucination

Back 46

Sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

Front 47

Catatonic Symptom

Back 47

Motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position.

Front 48

Diathesis-Stress Model

Back 48

Perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability.

Front 49

Autistic Disorder

Back 49

Disorder (also known as autism) marked by severe deficits in language, social bonding, and imagination, usually accompanied by mental retardation.

Front 50

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Back 50

Childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity.