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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is diabetic retinopathy the leading cause of in the U.S.?
What are the two types? |
Blindness among the working age.
Nonproliferative and proliferative. |
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What are the clinical manifestations of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy? |
- Microaneurysms - Intraretinal hemorhages - Hard exudate (lipid deposits) - Cotton-wool spots - Macular edema |
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What do you commonly see in proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
How is diabetic macular edema (swelling in center of retina) treated? |
Retinal neovascularization.
VGEF injections. |
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What are the acute and chronic efects of hypertensive retinopathy? |
Vasospasm to autoregulate perfusion.
Arteriosclerosis Predisposes eyes to vision loss from vascular occlusions or macroaneurysms. |
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What are the clinical findings in hypertensive retinopathy? |
- Intraretinal hemorhages - Hard exudate (lipid deposits) - Cotton-wool spots - Ateriovenous nicking - Copper wire arterioles - Macroaneurysms - Optic disc swelling |
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What condition can lead to blurry vision in pregnancy and how can it be managed? |
Preeclampsia - hypertension and protein in urine.
Control blood pressure. Deliver early if severe. |
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What can be ocular effects of sickle cell anemia?
How are they managed? |
- Branch or central retinal artery occlusion. - Microaneurysms - Salmon patch hemorrhages - Black sunburst - Retinal neovascularization (Sea Fan)
Laser photocoagulation if neovascularization present
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What are the ocular effects of sarcoidosis?
How is it managed? |
- Anterior uveitis (most common) - Posterior uveitis - Enlargement of lacrimal gland - Granulomatous nodules in conjunctiva
Immune supression locally (i.e. topical steroid eyedrops) and systemically.
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Discuss the most common causes of ocular tumors. |
The most common cause of intraocular tumors are uveal metastases. Men - lung cancer, women - breast cancer
The most common primary intraocular tumor is melanoma. |
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What causes syphilis and what ocular symptoms are seen? |
Spirochete Treponema pallidum - treated with IV penicillin "the great imitator"
Causes:
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What is endogenous endophthalmitis?
What are the clinical findings?
How is it managed? |
Infection in body that spreads to the eye.
Decreased vision, red eye, AC and vitreous inflammation
IV and intraocular antibiotics. |
