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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of blindness in people over 55 in the U.S.? |
Choroidal neovascularization from age-related macular degeneration (AMD), if left untreated. |
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What are the risk factors for AMD? |
-Smoking doubles risk - Caucasian race - Family history |
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What happens in the initial development of AMD? |
The retinal pigment epithelium basement membrane thickens, and yellow Drusen spots become apparent. |
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Distinguish between early and intermediate AMD? |
Early - many small (> 63 um) or few medium-sized (<125 um) Drusen
Intermediate - many medium size or one large (>125 um) Drusen
Estimate size using optic disc (1,500 um) or width of vein near optic disc (125 um) |
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What is the treatment for intermediate AMD? |
AREDS (age related eye disease study) nutritional supplement. Slows the progression of AMD. |
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What is another name for Choroidal Neovascular AMD?
What is seen?
Is it an advanced type of AMD? |
Wet AMD.
Drusen and hemorrhage.
Yes. |
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What are symptoms of choroidal vascularization AMD? |
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What happened in the advanced stage of Wet AMD? |
New abnormal blood vessels proliferate and penetrate basement membrane in setting of large-sized Drusen. |
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What are the clinical features of Wet (Choroidal Neovascularization) AMD? |
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What is fluorescein angiogram used for in wet AMD?
How is wet AMD treated? |
To determine the location of choroidal neovascularization with respect to center of retina.
Intraocular injections of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which can improve vision. Follow up monthly. |
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If left untreated, how will wet AMD procede? |
New blood vessels accompanied by scar tissue that replaces normal retina tissue, resulting in permanent vision loss. |
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What is the other form of Advanced AMD besides Wet AMD?
How is it treated? |
Central Geographic Atrophy, also called 'Dry' AMD.
No treatment, but follow up every six months. Clinical trials are underway.
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What can Central Geographic Atrophy (dry) AMD result in? |
Severe loss of central vision (same as Wet AMD). |
