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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Moon's cycle during Spring tide
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full and new moon
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Moon's cycle during neap tide
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moon's first and last quarter
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Causes semi-diurnal and diurnal tides
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declination of moon
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move among surface like a shallow-water wave (shown by cotidal lines)
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progressive wave tides
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tide that results from reflection off of continent
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standing wave tide
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tide that moves around a central point
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rotary standing wave
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node around which rotary standing wave rotates
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amphidromic point
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wave front caused when forced tide wave breaks
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tidal bore
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type of analysis that separates tide record into components that match tide-raising forces of the sun and moon
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harmonic analysis
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coast population statistics (world)
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50% of world's population lives within 60 miles of coast
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all areas directly influenced by ocean processes
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coastal zone
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global sea level change
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eustatic change
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type of coast designed by non-marine processes (volcanic, crustal movements, rivers, etc.)
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primary coast
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type of coast designed by only marine processes (wave, current erosion, etc.)
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secondary coast
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white sand beaches are made of (tropical kind):
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calcium carbonate from corals/shells (Bimini)
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white sand beaches are made of (sub-tropical, FL west coast):
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nearly pure quartz from rivers
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pink sand made of:
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calcium carbonate from foraminifera shells (Bahamas)
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red sand made of (maui, Greece):
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igneous cinder rock
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Texas sand made of:
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silicates, quartz, and clay
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rate at which US coasts are eroding
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3.3 mm/yr
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where rivers meet the sea
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estuaries
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three types of estuarine mixing
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salt wedge, well mixed, partially mixed, fjord-type (very stratified, little mixing because Fjords have a sill)
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describe low-latitude estuaries (30S-30N)
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low precip, little freshwater inputs, evaporation dominates - can cause inverse estuaries because ocean water is less salty and flows underneath ocean water
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water environment
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pelagic zone
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seafloor environment
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benthic zone
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three categories of organisms/life
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bacteria, archaea, eukarya
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5 kingdoms of life
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protista, fungi, plantae, animalia, monera
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resemble bacteria but live in extreme environments
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archaea
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depth of photic zone
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200 m in open ocean
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CO2 is a ______ buffer
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pH
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two ways organisms control salinity
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diffusion (sea cucumber), and metabolic (fish)
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spawn in freshwater but live in ocean (term)
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anadromous (salmon)
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spawn in ocean and live in freshwater (term)
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catadromous (eels)
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can change body temperature (term)
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poikilotherms (plants and cold-blooded animals)
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constant body temperature (term)
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homeotherms (warm-blooded animals)
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holds lots of O2 in deep diving creatures
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Myoglobin
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single celled aquatic plants
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phytoplankton
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ratio of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus found in plankton
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Redfield ratio (-138:106:16:1)
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Phytoplankton biomass - net primary production minus amount grazed by herbivores (term)
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standing crop
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known to kill salmon (type of diatom)
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Chaetoceros
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Diatom with radial shape (term)
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centric
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Diatom with bilateral symmetry (term)
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pennate
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rate that diatoms reproduce
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divide every 12-24 hours
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diatoms produce this kind of earth
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diatomaceous earth (used in pool filters, toothpaste, to polish silver)
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three kinds of phytoplankton
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diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids
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two characteristics of dynoflagellates
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mixotropich, red and green, spin like tops
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large multicellular planktonic algae (found mostly in texas)
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sargassum
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bacteria that is autotrophic
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cyanobacteria (type of picoplankton)
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smallest yet most abundant photosynthetic organisms in ocean (two terms). Regulate atmospheric CO2.
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synechococcus and prochlorococcus
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cyanobacteria that uses dissolved N2
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trichodesmium
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two types of zooplankton (by lifestyle)
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holoplankton, meroplankton
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three main categories of zooplankton
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copepods (has two big whiskers), chaetognathads (like arrowworms), and euphausiids (like shrimp)
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krill are which type of zooplankton
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Euphausia
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type of zooplankton propelled by beating cilia
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ctenophores (tunicates, sea gooseberry, comb jellies (biolum))
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unicellular (protozoan) zooplankton - two types
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radiolarians (silica test), foraminifera (calcareous shell)
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planktonic mollusks - type of zooplankton
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pteropods
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non-cellular particle made up of genetic material surrounded by protein coat
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virus
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a HAB process by which bodies of water build up excess biomass
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eutrophication (causes anoxia, shading, type of HAB)
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type of poisoning: domoic acid from diatoms, cool temp waters
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Amnesic Shellfish poisoning
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type of poisoning: saxitoxin produced by dinoflagellate, cool temp waters
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Paralytic shellfish poisoning (killed whale)
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type of poisoning: okadaic acid from dinoflagellate
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Diarrhetic Shellfish poisoning
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type of poisoning: ciguatoxin from dinoflagellate (near coral reefs)
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Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
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type of poisoning: brevetoxins from dinoflagellate in Gulf, dominant fish-killer in Gulf
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Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
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bits of plant material degraded by bacteria and fungi
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detritus
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coral has a symbiotic relationship with this plankton
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zooxanthellae
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feeds on coral
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Sea star - Acanthaster
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