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66 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Moon's cycle during Spring tide
full and new moon
Moon's cycle during neap tide
moon's first and last quarter
Causes semi-diurnal and diurnal tides
declination of moon
move among surface like a shallow-water wave (shown by cotidal lines)
progressive wave tides
tide that results from reflection off of continent
standing wave tide
tide that moves around a central point
rotary standing wave
node around which rotary standing wave rotates
amphidromic point
wave front caused when forced tide wave breaks
tidal bore
type of analysis that separates tide record into components that match tide-raising forces of the sun and moon
harmonic analysis
coast population statistics (world)
50% of world's population lives within 60 miles of coast
all areas directly influenced by ocean processes
coastal zone
global sea level change
eustatic change
type of coast designed by non-marine processes (volcanic, crustal movements, rivers, etc.)
primary coast
type of coast designed by only marine processes (wave, current erosion, etc.)
secondary coast
white sand beaches are made of (tropical kind):
calcium carbonate from corals/shells (Bimini)
white sand beaches are made of (sub-tropical, FL west coast):
nearly pure quartz from rivers
pink sand made of:
calcium carbonate from foraminifera shells (Bahamas)
red sand made of (maui, Greece):
igneous cinder rock
Texas sand made of:
silicates, quartz, and clay
rate at which US coasts are eroding
3.3 mm/yr
where rivers meet the sea
estuaries
three types of estuarine mixing
salt wedge, well mixed, partially mixed, fjord-type (very stratified, little mixing because Fjords have a sill)
describe low-latitude estuaries (30S-30N)
low precip, little freshwater inputs, evaporation dominates - can cause inverse estuaries because ocean water is less salty and flows underneath ocean water
water environment
pelagic zone
seafloor environment
benthic zone
three categories of organisms/life
bacteria, archaea, eukarya
5 kingdoms of life
protista, fungi, plantae, animalia, monera
resemble bacteria but live in extreme environments
archaea
depth of photic zone
200 m in open ocean
CO2 is a ______ buffer
pH
two ways organisms control salinity
diffusion (sea cucumber), and metabolic (fish)
spawn in freshwater but live in ocean (term)
anadromous (salmon)
spawn in ocean and live in freshwater (term)
catadromous (eels)
can change body temperature (term)
poikilotherms (plants and cold-blooded animals)
constant body temperature (term)
homeotherms (warm-blooded animals)
holds lots of O2 in deep diving creatures
Myoglobin
single celled aquatic plants
phytoplankton
ratio of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus found in plankton
Redfield ratio (-138:106:16:1)
Phytoplankton biomass - net primary production minus amount grazed by herbivores (term)
standing crop
known to kill salmon (type of diatom)
Chaetoceros
Diatom with radial shape (term)
centric
Diatom with bilateral symmetry (term)
pennate
rate that diatoms reproduce
divide every 12-24 hours
diatoms produce this kind of earth
diatomaceous earth (used in pool filters, toothpaste, to polish silver)
three kinds of phytoplankton
diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids
two characteristics of dynoflagellates
mixotropich, red and green, spin like tops
large multicellular planktonic algae (found mostly in texas)
sargassum
bacteria that is autotrophic
cyanobacteria (type of picoplankton)
smallest yet most abundant photosynthetic organisms in ocean (two terms). Regulate atmospheric CO2.
synechococcus and prochlorococcus
cyanobacteria that uses dissolved N2
trichodesmium
two types of zooplankton (by lifestyle)
holoplankton, meroplankton
three main categories of zooplankton
copepods (has two big whiskers), chaetognathads (like arrowworms), and euphausiids (like shrimp)
krill are which type of zooplankton
Euphausia
type of zooplankton propelled by beating cilia
ctenophores (tunicates, sea gooseberry, comb jellies (biolum))
unicellular (protozoan) zooplankton - two types
radiolarians (silica test), foraminifera (calcareous shell)
planktonic mollusks - type of zooplankton
pteropods
non-cellular particle made up of genetic material surrounded by protein coat
virus
a HAB process by which bodies of water build up excess biomass
eutrophication (causes anoxia, shading, type of HAB)
type of poisoning: domoic acid from diatoms, cool temp waters
Amnesic Shellfish poisoning
type of poisoning: saxitoxin produced by dinoflagellate, cool temp waters
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (killed whale)
type of poisoning: okadaic acid from dinoflagellate
Diarrhetic Shellfish poisoning
type of poisoning: ciguatoxin from dinoflagellate (near coral reefs)
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
type of poisoning: brevetoxins from dinoflagellate in Gulf, dominant fish-killer in Gulf
Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
bits of plant material degraded by bacteria and fungi
detritus
coral has a symbiotic relationship with this plankton
zooxanthellae
feeds on coral
Sea star - Acanthaster