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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
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AQUA |
A NASA satellite designed to obtain data on Earth's water cycle |
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Cartographer |
A person who makes maps and charts |
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Challenger expedition |
The first wholly scientific oceanographic expedition, 1872-1876; named for the steam corvette used in the voyage |
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Chart |
A map that depicts mostly water and the adjoining land areas |
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Chinese Navigators |
Explorers led by Zheng He into the Indian Ocean and around the tip of Africa |
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Chronometer |
A very consistent clock that doesn't need to tell accurate time, but its rate of gain or loss must be constant and known exactly so that accurate time may be calculated |
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Christoper Columbus |
Italian explorer in the service of Spain who discovered islands in the Caribbean in 1492. Although traditionally credited as the discoverer of America, he never actually sighted the North American continent |
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Compass |
An instrument for showing direction by means of a magnetic needle swinging freely on a pivot and pointing to magnetic north |
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James Cook |
An English explorer, navigator and cartographer. Charted several coastlines islands and coastlines on Eurpoean mapes for the frist time. Discovered Hawai'i, the east coast of Australia and was the first to record circumnavigation and mapping of Newfoundland and New Zealand. |
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Charles Robert Darwin |
(1802-1882) An English biologist and the codiscoverer (with Alfred Russell Wallace) of evolution by natural selection |
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Echo Sounder |
A device that reflects sound off the ocean bottom to sense water depth. Its accuracy is affected by the variability of the speed of sound through water. |
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene |
Greek scholar and librarian at Alexandria who first calculated the circumference of Earth about 230 B.C.E. |
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Benjamin Franklin |
Published the first chart of an ocean current in 1769 (1706 - 1790) |
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GPS |
Meaning: Global Positioning System Satellite- based navigation system that provides a geographical postion- longitude and latitude - accurate to less than 1 meter |
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John Harrison |
British clockmaker who invented the modern chronometer in 1760 |
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Jason -1 |
Successor to TOPEX/Poseidon satellite mission |
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Latitude |
Regularly spaced imaginary lines on Earth's surface running parellel to the equator |
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Library of Alexandria |
The greatest collection of writings in the ancient world, founded in the third century B.C.E. at the behest of Alexander the Great; could be considered the first university. |
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Longitude |
Regularly spaced imaginary lines on Earth's surface running north and south and converging at the poles |
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Ferdinand Magellan |
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain who led the first expedition to circumnavigate Earth, 1519-1522. Killed in the Philippines. |
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Alfred Thayer Mahan |
An American naval officer and strategist; the influential author of The Influence of the Sea Power upon History. |
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Matthew Maury |
"Father" of physical oceanography. Probably the first person to undertake the systermic study of the ocean as a full-time occupation, and probably the first understand the global interlocking of currents, wind flow, and weather. |
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Meteor Expedition |
German Atlantic expedition begun in 1925; the first to use an echo sounder and other modern optical and electronic instrumentation. |
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |
The agency of the U.S. government primarily responsible for oceanic science, service, and stewardship |
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Oceanus |
The latin word 'ocean' is derived from |
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Polynesians |
Inhabitants of the Pacific islands lying east of Melanesia and Micronesia, and extending from the Hawai'ian Islands south to Easter Island |
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Prince Henry the Navigator |
Established a center at Sagres, Portugal, for the study of marine science and navigation in the mid- 1450s. |
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Sea Power |
The means by which a nation extends its military capacity onto the ocean |
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Sounding |
Measurement of the depth of a body of water |
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TOPEX/Poseidon |
Joint French- U.S. satellite carrying radars that can determine the height of the sea surface with unprecedented accuracy. |
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United States Exploing Expedition |
The first U.S. oceanographic research voyage, launched in 1838 |
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Vikings |
Seafaring Scandinavian raiders who ravaged the coasts of Europe around 780-1070 |
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Voyaging |
Traveling (usually by sea) with a specific purpose |
