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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atoms
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Basic building block of all matter. A microscopic sphere composed of smaller particles.
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Protons, Neutrons
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found inside the nucleus of an atom
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Electrons
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Surround the nucleus
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Molecule
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A group of two or more atoms held together by mutually shared electrons
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Covalent bonds
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the bond created when two atoms share electrons. (very strong)
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Polarity
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the Slight separation of charges that gives the entire molecule a positive or negative charge.
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Cohesion
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When molecules tick to each other. Causes to surface tension.
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Hydration
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The process in which water molecules completely surround ions
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Van Der Waals forces
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relatively weak interactions that become significant only when molecules are close together as in the solid and liquid states.
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Heat
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the energy of moving molecules
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kinetic energy
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moving energy
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calorie
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the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree.
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tempearture
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the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a substance.
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latent heat of melting
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the enrgy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold water molecules rigidly in place in ice crystals
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latent heat of evaporation
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the amount of heat it takes to produce 1 gram
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latent heat of codensation
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when water vapor is cooled sufficiently, it condenses to a liquid and releases its latent heat of condensation into the surrounding air
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latent heat of freezing
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the amount of heat released when water freezes is the same amount that was absorbed when the water was melted in the first place.
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Marine effect
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describes locations that experience the moderatiing influences of the ocean, usually along coastlines or islands.
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continental effects
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refers to areas less affected by the sea and therefore havinga greater range of temperature
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thermal contraction
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shrinkage caused by cold temperature
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salinity
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total amount of solid material dissolved in water. the ration of the mass of dissolved substances to the mass of water sample.
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principle of constand proportions
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major disolved constituents responsible for the salinity of sea water beig the same nearly everywhere in the ocean in the exact same proportions.
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chlorinity
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the weight of an ion in a water sample
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brakish water
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somewhat saltish water produced where freshwater and sea water mix.
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Pysnocline
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a curve that shows the density
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thermocline
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a curve that measures temperature
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halocline
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curve that majors changing salinity with depth
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buffering
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the process that keeps the ph level of seawater constant
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residence time
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the duration a dissolved subtance stays in the ocean
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hydrologic cycle
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the cycle in which water moves from the ocean to the clouds to the earth and back into the ocean.
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