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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Earth is unique among the planets because of large quantities of liquid ________ that covers ___% of it's surface, mostly if four main oceans.
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water
71 |
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Name them from largest to smallest.
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Pacific,Atlantic,Indian,Arctic
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Most of the Arctic ocean is covered by a floating _________.
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icecap
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The earth supposedly formed about 4.6 ________ years ago.About _ _________ years ago, water vapor began to ___________ and fall as rain.
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billion
4 billion condense |
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When all earth's land existed as the super continent ________,there was only ____ ocean. The breakup of Pangea and movement of large land masses (called _________ Drift) form today's oceans.
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Pangea
one Continental |
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Today the __________ ocean is growing smaller as continents move from _ to __cm per every 10 years
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Pacific
1 to 10 |
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Ocean water contains _._% salt, mostly _______ ________,which is added to the oceans how ?
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3.5
sodium chloride Salts wash into ocean from land |
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The saltiness of a solution is called __________.
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Salinity
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Ocean water along the coast of hot,dry areas has _________ saltinity,that along cool humid coasts has lower salinity.This is due to the fact that water evaporates quicker along hot,dry coasts,& because more ________ ______ from rivers & streams is usually added in cool, humid areas.
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higher
fresh water |
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Ocean areas where water movement is slow has _________ salinity.Name 3 areas of which this is true.
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higher
Bays,Gulfs,Seas |
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Name the 3 water temperature layers.
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Surface Zone
Thermocline Deep Zone |
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The ________ zone near the top (up to 300m below the surface) is _______ in temperature.
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Surface
warmer |
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The ___________ extends from ____ to 700m below the surface.In this area the ___________ drops rapidly.
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Thermocline
300 Temperature |
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The ______ zone is the bottom layer (700m to bottom) Its temperature very cold, only _ to _c.
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Deep
1 to 3 |
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Surface temperature range from __C near the equator to __C near the poles.Temps are warmer in the _________.
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24
1 summer |
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The _______ _______ is the continual movement of water from earth to air and back agian.It consists of __________ of water from land and water surface to form water vapor in the _________
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Water Cycle
evaporation atmosphere |
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Followed by __________ of water vapor onto _______ particles to form droplets as vapor rises and its temperature decreases; then __________ as the water droplets fall back to earth as rain,sleet,snow,or hail.
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condensation
dust precipitation |
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The oceans play a large part in this because ___ % earth's water is in oceans, __% ion icecaps,__% is useable fresh water in lakes,streams,etc.
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97
2 1 |
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The temperature of water changes very little as it absorbs energy because it's very hard to _______ or _______.This means it keeps Earth's temperature very even.Without oceans,earth's temperature would vary from _________ weather patterns.
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heat
cool violent |
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The movement of water from place to place in oceans due to uneven heating of the earth is called ________.
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currents
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One large current is the ____ ______ which goes up the East coast of the U.S. It's warm waters help keep Northern _______ warm,otherwise,England's temp. would be as cold as northern Canada.
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Gulf Stream
Europe |
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Today we are just beginning to know about the ocean floor,using several methods:_______, a device that uses reflect sound waves to measure depth.
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SONAR
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Sonar was used in war to detect __________.Sonar stands for sound,_________, and ranging.The deeper the water, the longer it takes sonar echoes to return.
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submarines
navigation |
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____ ____ is a satellite that measures direction and speed of currents.
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Sea Sat
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____ ____ measures minute diffrrences in ocean surface that correspond to mountains & trenches & help to make _____ of the ocean.
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Geo Sat
maps |
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Areas of the ocean floor include the ________ ____ the shallow areas up to about ____ feet deep along the large land masses of the earth.Most of the living things in ocean are here.
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Continental Shelf
600 |
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The _________ ______ is where the 'shelf' drops off into deep water,from about 600ft to ______ft. deep.
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Continental Slope
12000 |
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The broad,flat,deep ocean floor(avg. depth 12000ft.) is called the ________ Plain.Long mountain chains down middle of oceans are ____-______ ridges.
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Abyssal
Mid-Ocean |
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Underwater canyons r called _________(the deepest 1 is the Marianas teach,more than _______ft. about 65 miles deep in the Pacific ocean near the Philippine islands.)Deepest spot in Atlanic:
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Trenches
35,000 Challenger Depth |
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Inventions to explore the ocean:1)______ Tank,diver's breathing apparatus co-invented by French oceanographer ___________ __________,whose research ship,the Calypso,carries a 2- man sub called ________ _______.
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SCUBA
Jacques Costeau diving saucer |
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The _________(Trieste),a submersible invented by Costeau friend Augusta Piccarde,that reached the bottom of the _________ Trench.
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Bathyscaphe
Mariana |
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_______,which helped explore the titanic and found a lost H- bomb.
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Alvin
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_____ _______ designed to reach deepest part of the ocean like an "underwater airplane".
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Deep Flight
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In the 1930's Prof. Wm.Beebe used a "diving ball" called a _________ to reach a depth of 3000 ft.,as related in his book,Half Mile Down.
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Bathysphere
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There r also robotic,camera-laden "robot' vessels like _______&_______.
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Jason and Medea
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The nuclear sub _______ was the first to sail under the North Pole ______ in the 1960's.
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Nautilus
Icecaps |
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In the American Revolution David Bushnell's _______ attacked,but did not sink,a British ship
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Turtle
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The confrederate submarine _______ was first to sink a ship in combat.
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Hunley
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German submarines in the World Wars were called __ _______.
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U Boats
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