Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the
|
wave steepness
|
|
|
The time between two successive waves is called the
|
period
|
|
|
Water waves are
|
orbital waves
|
|
|
Wave speed is equal to
|
wavelength divided by period
|
|
|
The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to
|
wavelength/2
|
|
|
A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to
|
1/20 of wavelength
|
|
|
The fetch refers to
|
the distance over which wind blows without interruption
|
|
|
An internal wave might form
|
at a density boundary within the ocean
|
|
|
As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height
|
increases and wavelength decreases
|
|
|
Waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called
|
plunging breakers
|
|
|
A tsunami may result from
|
tectonic activity on the seafloor
|
|
|
Waves converge on headlands due to
|
wave refraction
|
|
|
The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is called the
|
barycenter
|
|
|
The tide-generating force varies
|
directly with the product of the object masses
|
|
|
Compared with a solar day, a lunar day is
|
longer than a solar day
|
|
|
A spring tide
|
has very high high tides and very low low tides
|
|
|
A neap tide has
|
very low tidal range
|
|
|
The side of the Earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide, the side of the Earth that is opposite from the moon will have a
|
high tide
|
|
|
The vertical difference between high and low tides is called the
|
tidal range
|
|
|
An area that experiences semidiurnal tides will have
|
two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal height daily
|
|
|
The most common tidal patterns around the world are
|
mixed tides
|
|
|
In the United States one can find semidiurnal tides along the
|
Atlantic coast
|
|
|
The Bay of Fundy is well known for which tidal characteristic?
|
very high tidal range
|
|
|
Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called
|
ebb current
|
|
|
Which of the following is a tidal current?
|
both ebb tides and flood tides
|
|
|
The section of the coast that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide is called the
|
foreshore
|
|
|
The section of the coast that extends from normal high tide level to the highest elevation on land that is affected by storm waves is called the
|
backshore
|
|
|
Winter beaches
|
are narrower than summer beaches due to high-energy waves during the winter
|
|
|
Sediment is supplied to the coastal zone by
|
d) All of the above are sources of sediment in the coastal zone.
|
|
|
ざ
|
za
|
|
|
If you were to walk from the ocean landward across a barrier island complex, in which order would you encounter the following environments?
|
beach, dune, barrier flat, high marsh, low marsh
|
|
|
The most biologically productive part of a salt marsh would be the
|
low marsh
|
|
|
Which of the following landforms shows the least amount of erosion along US coasts?
|
crystalline rocks of New England
|
|
|
Which of the following materials would you expect to be found on the steepest beach?
|
large gravel
|
|
|
Submergent coasts might have all of the following characteristics except
|
marine terraces
|
|
|
A linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a
|
spit
|
|
|
Which of the following structures is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion?
|
All of these structures prevent or retard shoreline erosion.
|
|
|
The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends
|
200 nautical miles from the coast
|
|
|
Prevailing offshore winds produce coastal waters that
|
have higher salinities
|
|
|
An example of a coastal plain estuary is the:
|
Chesapeake Bay
|
|
|
Lagoons that form behind barrier islands are examples of
|
bar-built estuaries
|
|
|
An estuary formed from a flooded glacial valley is called a
|
fjord
|
|
|
Estuarine circulation associated with a deep, high river volume system where no horizontal salinity gradient exists at the surface is called a
|
salt wedge estuary
|
|
|
The Columbia River estuary received most of its ecological damage from which of the following sources?
|
hydroelectric dams
|
|
|
Coastal wetlands are characterized by
|
low levels of inorganic nutrients in the tidal zone and anoxic sediments
|
|
|
When ocean water enters a marginal sea above a return flow of saltier water, the circulation pattern is called
|
Mediterranean circulation
|
|
|
The percentage of the original area of wetlands currently left in the United States is approximately
|
50%
|
|
|
One major problem associated with Chesapeake Bay and increased human pressure is
|
an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling animals
|
|
|
Estuarine circulation associated with a shallow, low-volume estuary in which river water mixes evenly at all depths with ocean water would be called a:
|
vertically mixed estuary
|
|
|
In terms of erosion protection from wave action, seawalls
|
are ineffective
|
|
|
Point sources of municipal and industrial wastes in the United States are governed by
|
Federal Clean Water Act
|
|
|
Minamata disease is associated with
|
ingestion of methyl mercury-contaminated fish and shellfish
|
|
|
Dead zones resulting from hypoxia and anoxia
|
are prevalent in coastal waters west of the Mississippi River delta during the summer months
|
|
|
Which of the following organisms are expected to show the highest concentrations of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in its tissues?
|
sea otters
|
|
|
The deep-water dumping site for sewage sludge off the US East Coast initially seemed to be a good choice because
|
a well-developed pycnocline should isolate the sewage
|
|
|
Secondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the
|
chlorination of the liquid effluent
|
|
|
Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when
|
netting strangles seals and birds
|
|
|
Bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the cleanup of
|
hydrocarbons
|
|
|
Organisms with small, expandable bodies, extremely large mouths, and efficient teeth are likely to be found in the
|
bathypelagic zone
|
|
|
Zonation of benthic organisms includes all of the following except the
|
neritic zone
|
|
|
Neritic environments are influenced by
|
All of the above factors influence neritic environments.
|
|
|
Which marine environment exhibits the greatest species diversity?
|
neritic province
|
|
|
The mass present at a given time of a population of fish is called its
|
standing stock
|
|
|
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is
|
commensalism
|
|
|
Which of the following pairs is an incorrect match between organisms and the type of symbiotic relationship they manifest?
|
whale-barnacle mutualism
|
|
|
Energy flow in an ecosystem is
|
unidirectional
|
|
|
Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is
|
cyclic
|
|
|
Which of the following statements shows the correct hierarchical ordering of taxonomic levels in terms of increasing specificity?
|
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
|
|
|
Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by
|
All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
|
|
|
Productivity in tropical oceans is
|
nutrient-limited
|
|
|
An area of the open ocean where the rate of primary productivity is very low is referred to as a(n)
|
oligotrophic area
|
|
|
Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates?
|
All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity.
|
|
|
In temperate oceans during the summer months
|
nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and oxygen solubility decreases
|
|
|
The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is
|
polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters
|
|
|
The nutrients that tend to limit photosynthesis in marine environments include
|
e) Both b and c are correct.
|
