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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Oceanography basics |
-over 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water -97% oceans -2% icecaps and glaciers -<1% freshwater |
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Hydrologic Cycle (look at power point) |
1. Water in atmosphere 2. Precipitation 3. Evaporation from bodies of water 4. Evaporation from land 5. Transportation 6. Underground draining |
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Oceans |
- 3 major oceans Pacific Atlantic Indian |
3 major |
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Seas |
- margins of oceans and partially enclosed by Mediterranean Caribbean Baltic Black |
4 major; meaning of sea |
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Ocean geomorphology |
- continental shelf * underwater at land mass which extends from continent * 7 - 8% of oceans *shore to 200m - abyssal plain *flat *sediment *extensive |
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Ocean structure |
- divided in vertical and horizontal zones -Interidal (Littoral) *(rise and falls of tides) -Neritic *coast to continental shelf *200m -Oceanic zones *Pelagic zones |
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Pelagic Zones |
-Beyond continental shelf *Benthic vs. Pelagic (habitats on bottom) -Epipelagic (0-200m) -Mesopelagic (200-1000m) -Bathypelagic (1000-4000m) -Abyssal plain (4000-6000m) -Hadar (trenches ) >6000m |
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Ocean Currents |
- directed movement of sea water * temperature, salinity, waves, wind, Coriolis effect - Gyre * rotating ocean currents |
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Caribbean Sea current |
- surface currents ( off shore, right to left) - near shore ( left to right) |
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Temperature |
- Thermocline * layer of water through temperature changes rapidly with depth - thermal stratification * layering effect |
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Upwelling |
- when including lateral movement of water - deep, cold water rises towards surface - rich in nutrients |
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Salinity |
- amount of dissolved minerals in water ~3.5% (3.5g/L) varies -6 major minerals * sodium, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and chlorine 99.28% -sources (runoff and volcanic activity) |
Minerals |
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Salinity (increase and decrease) |
-Increase salinity *evaporation, freezing, and heat -Decrease salinity *precipitation, rivers, melting of glaciers, groundwater, cold |
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Coriolis effect |
- deflection of winds caused by Earth's rotation - no Coriolis at equator - maximum Coriolis at poles *N hemisphere - winds deflected right *S hemisphere - winds deflected left |
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Waves |
- winds cause waves (up & down) - transfer energy - movement of particles - wave height *trough (bottom part between two waves) *crest (top part of one wave) |
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Tides |
- Caused by gravitational pull of Moon -Diurnal *two high & low tides -Semi-diurnal *one high and low tide |
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Light |
- decreases with death, 80% of solar energy absorbed in first 10 meters - varies *season *Turbidity: cloudiness or haziness |
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Ecology |
Study of relationships between organisms and environment |
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Marine ecology |
-physical and chemical conditions, and diversity, composition, and abundance |
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Aquatic biomes |
- formation of plants and animals that have common characteristics due to similar climates. -Marine: shallow marine waters ( kelp forest and coral reefs), intertidal zone, Estuaries ( salt marshes and mangrove forests), oceans -Freshwater: Leticia (rivers and streams), Lentic (Lakes and ponds) |
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Kelp forest and coral reefs |
- both grow in euphotic zone, limited by temp. - current deliver oxygen and nutrients, and remove waste products - Geography - *kelp forest: temperate to subpolar <20°C *Coral reefs: between 30° N/S |
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Intertidal zone |
- based on water exposure *exposure to atmosphere - inhabitants adapted to amphibious existence -Zona tonight of species |
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Estuaries- Salt Marshes and Mangrove forests |
- transition between land and ocean - salt marshes (temperature latitude) - mangrove forests (tropical latitude) |
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