Occular Anatomy Exam 1 Work In Progress

Front 1

what bones make up the orbital roof?

Back 1

the frontal bone and leser wing of the sphenoid

Front 2

what bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

Back 2

the zygomatic bone and greater wing of the sphenoid

Front 3

What is witnall's tubercle?

Back 3

its a rasied area of bone on the anterior lateral wall of the orbit wehre several connective tissues attach. Suspensory ligament of Lockwood, the check ligament of the lateral rectus muscle, and the lateral palpebral ligament

Front 4

What connective tissues attach to Whitnall's tubercle?

Back 4

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood, the check ligament of the lateral rectus muscle, and the lateral palpebral ligament

Front 5

What bones make the medial wall of the orbit?

Back 5

the frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, and ethmoid bone, and a small portion of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

Front 6

what makes up the orbital floor?

Back 6

The maxilla, zygomatic bone, and the orbital process of the palatine bone.

Front 7

what are orbital fascia? what do they include?

Back 7

the layers of connective tissue within the orbit. The bulbar fascia or tenon's capsule, periosteum of the orbital bone, and the orbital septum

Front 8

What other layers are inner and outter to Tenon's capsule?

Back 8

inner: episcleral/tenon's space, more inner is episclera. outer: posterior to equator is fat, anterior to equator is conjunctiva

Front 9

what is epimysium?

Back 9

it sheaths the muscle in the orbit and works with the fascial sheath (of tenon's capsule)

Front 10

what is a fascial sheath?

Back 10

an extension of Tenon's capsule that covers the muscle that penetrates Tenon's capsule

Front 11

what does the superior rectus fascia work with?

Back 11

it sends extensions to unite with the fascial extensions from the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. This helps them work together

Front 12

What is the suspensory ligament of lockwood? What does it do?

Back 12

it is the inferior rectus fascia being continuous with the inferior oblique. It holds the eye and orbital contents in place.

Front 13

what is a check ligament? What does it do?

Back 13

a ligament that anchors striated muscles to bones of the orbit and other stuctures. it prevents the eye from rotating too far in a direction

Front 14

where is the check ligament of levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 14

tenon's capsule

Front 15

where is the check ligament of inferior rectus?

Back 15

Tenon's capusle

Front 16

where is the check ligament of lateral rectus?

Back 16

whitnall's tubercle of the zygomatic bone.

Front 17

where is the check ligament of medial rectus?

Back 17

lacrimal bone and caruncle of the conjunctiva.

Front 18

what is the periorbita?

Back 18

dura mater from the optic nerve that lines the bones of the orbit

Front 19

What is the orbital septum?

Back 19

It is part of the orbital fascia, it divides orbital soft tissues from soft tissues of the eyelid.

Front 20

What is the clincial significance of the orbital septum?

Back 20

it separates tissues to prevent disease spread.

Front 21

What are the 3 functions of orbital fat connective tissue?

Back 21

connect the muscles to periosteum, divides fat into lobules, support vessels and nerves

Front 22

From what tissue does the bones of the face and orbit derive?

Back 22

the ectodermal neural crest cells that migrate and change into mesenchyme

Front 23

which tissues develop first in the eye and what is the order?

Back 23

inner to outrer: retina, choroid, sclera, muscles, orbital bony walls

Front 24

what are the 5 properties of muscle tissue?

Back 24

excitability (respond), conduct signals, contractility, extensibility, elasticity (return to orignial shape)

Front 25

what are satellite cells?

Back 25

they can regenerate new muscles cells

Front 26

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

Back 26

CN 6, abducent

Front 27

Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique?

Back 27

CN 4, trochlear

Front 28

What causes lateral elevation?

Back 28

IO

Front 29

What causes lateral depression?

Back 29

SO

Front 30

What causes lateral eye movement?

Back 30

LR

Front 31

What causes medial elevation?

Back 31

SR

Front 32

For eye movement, what is tricky?

Back 32

Adduction (medial movement) is done with the opposite oblique, everything else makes sense

Front 33

what artery supplies the eye the most?

Back 33

the internal carotid artery

Front 34

what does the internal carotid artery also guide upward?

Back 34

the sympathetic ganglion of the ANS

Front 35

What are the different divisions of the internal carotid artery?

Back 35

cervical part, petrous part, cavernous part, and cerebral part

Front 36

what is the cervical part of the carotid artery?

Back 36

it has no branches because it's designated for the skull through the carotid canal of the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Front 37

what is the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery?

Back 37

it runs through the cavernous sinus. it has branches that go to the pituitary gland (superior hypophysial artery)

Front 38

what is the cavernous sinus?

Back 38

venus blood runs through this sinus which is lined with duramater

Front 39

What is the petrous part of the internal carotid artery?

Back 39

it is the second part of 4 parts. it enters the carotid canal, then emerges superior to the foramen lacerum from the carotid canal.

Front 40

what is the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery?

Back 40

it supplies branches into: opthalimic artery, posterior communicating artery, anterior choroidal artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, (not in notes, posterior cerebral artery)

Front 41

how do we know that the optic nerve is CNS not PNS?

Back 41

it is surrounded by meninges

Front 42

What does the central retinal artery supply?

Back 42

the inner portion of the retina

Front 43

What is pial septa?

Back 43

the pia mater follows the central retinal artery after the CRA penetrates the meninges of the optic nerve

Front 44

What does the chorid do?

Back 44

It supplies blood to the retina that's inside the eye.

Front 45

Where does the central retinal artery terminate? What happens next?

Back 45

in the optic nerve at the optic head/disk. it then branches into the superior and inferior retinal artery. Then those divide into temporal and nasal

Front 46

What is the lacramal artery? what does it branch into (5)?

Back 46

It brances into the recurrent meningeal artery, muscular branch, zygomatic branches, glandular branches, and lateral palpebral artery

Front 47

what feeds into the muscular branch and what does it feed?

Back 47

the lacrimal artery feeds it, it feeds the lateral rectus

Front 48

what feeds into the zygomatic branches and what does it feed?

Back 48

the lacrimal artery feeds it, it feeds the cheek

Front 49

what feeds into the glandular branches and what does it feed?

Back 49

the lacrimal artery feeds it, it feeds the lacrimal gland

Front 50

what feeds into the lateral palpebral artery and what does it feed?

Back 50

the lacrimal artery feeds it, it branches into the superior and inferior branches to supply the eyelids.

Front 51

what are the arteriol arcades?

Back 51

the blood that travels accross the eyelids. it's supplied by the lacrimal artery and medial palpebral artery

Front 52

what is the posterior ciliary artery?

Back 52

it branches into th elong and short posterior ciliary arteries. long supplies the ciliary body, the 10-20 short posterior ciliary arteries supply the choroid

Front 53

what is the supraorbital artery?

Back 53

the muscular branches of the supraorbital artery supply SR, SO, Lateral Palpebral Superioris. the scalp branches of the supraorbital arteries supply the eyebrow, upper eyelid, and forehead.

Front 54

what is the medial alpebral artery?

Back 54

it exits the orbit branching superior and inferior to supply the eyelids, also forming the arterial arcades of the eyelids

Front 55

What is the supratrochlear artery?

Back 55

this supplies the scalp

Front 56

which arteries supply the scalp?

Back 56

the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

Front 57

what is the dorsal nasal artery?

Back 57

it anastamoses to the angular artery of the facial artery. it supplies the orbital septum of the eyelids

Front 58

what are the major orbital veins?

Back 58

superior and inferior opthalmic vein are the main ones.

Front 59

where does the inferior opthalmic vein drain?

Back 59

It goes to the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid venous plexus

Front 60

what are the 3 major routes of orbit blood drainage?

Back 60

superior opthalmic vein to cavernous sinus, 2nd angular vein (it's anterior), and 3rd is pterygoid plexus

Front 61

where does the central retinal vein drain?

Back 61

CRV joins the superior opthalmic vein, then drains into the cavernous sinus

Front 62

how many inferior vortex veins to people have? what do they do? where does it drain to?

Back 62

4-5 inferior vortex veins, it drains the posterior choroid- to superior and inferior opthalmic veins

Front 63

how many short posterior ciliary veins to people have?

Back 63

not many or none

Front 64

what are ciliary ganglion?

Back 64

Parasympathetic ANS of the oculomotor. They constrict the pupil.

Front 65

How can you treat blepharospasm?

Back 65

botox

Front 66

starting with the skin and traveling around the eyelid, what do you encounter?

Back 66

skin, mucocutaneous junction (pore of meibomian gland), conjunctiva (on the posterior eyelid)

Front 67

What are the layers of the eye lid?

Back 67

1. Skin. 2. subcutaneous areolar tissue (hypodermus) - no fat. 3. Striated muscle. 4. submuscular areolar (loose) tissue. 5. fibrous layer (tarsal plate and orbital septum). 6. conjunctiva

Front 68

what is the striated muscles of the eye lid made of? what do they do?

Back 68

the orbicularis oculi muscle, which closes the eye lid. closer to the eye lashes is the muscle of riolan, it does squeegie action.

Front 69

what is the submuscular areolar (loose) tissue?

Back 69

its inbetween the striated muscle and the orbital septum. The arcades run through here.

Front 70

what is the fiberous layer?

Back 70

it is in between the submuscular areolar tissue and conjunctiva of the eyelid. It has the tarsal plate and orbital septum. It has the smooth muscle of muller

Front 71

what is the muscle of Muller?

Back 71

Its a (sympathetic ANS) smooth muscle in the eyelids attached to the tarsal plate. it helps raise the eyelid. it's responsible for tonic contraction.

Front 72

what causes the eye to gently close?

Back 72

the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi

Front 73

what causes the eye to close hard?

Back 73

the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi AND palpebral part

Front 74

what segemts are the orbicularis oculi made?

Back 74

palpebral and orbital

Front 75

what do the meibomian glands do?

Back 75

they produce sebum, lipid material

Front 76

what parts of the eyelid come from surface ectoderm?

Back 76

epidermis and conjunctival epithelium. glands of moll, zeiss, meibomian, Wolfring (an accessory lacrimal gland)

Front 77

what parts of the eyelid come from neural crest ectoderm?

Back 77

all connective tissues (tarsus, septum). muscle of muller, vascular smooth muscle. melanocytes, sensory nerves, and postganglionic nerves

Front 78

what parts of the eyelid come from neural plate ectoderm?

Back 78

CN VII, facial

Front 79

what parts of the eyelid come from mesoderm?

Back 79

orbicularis oculi, vascular endothelium, blood cells