Observing Microorganisms Through A Microscope

Front 1

Light Microscopy

Back 1

The use of any kind of microscope that uses visible light to observe soecimens

Front 2

Ocular Lens

Back 2

Re-magnifies the image formed by the objective lens

Front 3

Objective lenses

Back 3

Primary lenses that magnify the speciman

Front 4

Diaphragm

Back 4

Controls the amount of light entering the condenser

Front 5

Coarse adjustment knob

Back 5

Raises the stage up and down; use with 4x and 10x objective

Front 6

Fine adjustment knob

Back 6

Focuses the speciman without moving the stage; use with 40x and 100x objective

Front 7

stage adjustment knobs

Back 7

adjusts the (slide) on the stage either horizontally or vertically

Front 8

Phase 1 of magnification

Back 8

Objective lens-closest to the specimen, forms the REAL image

Front 9

Phase 2 of magnifiaction

Back 9

Ocular lens-closest to the eye, forms the VIRTUAL image

Front 10

Total magnification =

Back 10

(objective lens)(ocular lens)=

Front 11

Refractive index

Back 11

The degree of bending that the light undergoes as it passes through mediums

Front 12

Darkfield Microscope

Back 12

Light objects are visible against a dark background

Front 13

Light reflect off the specimen enters the objective lens

Back 13

Darkfiled Microscope

Front 14

Phase contrast

Back 14

Disc partially blocks direct light allowing for direct and diffracted light to be reinforced. INTERNAL STRUCTURES BECOME MORE SHARPLY DEFINED

Front 15

Differential interference contrast micriscopy

Back 15

Uses 2 beams of light

Front 16

Fluorescence microscopy

Back 16

Uses UV light, cells studied may also be stained with fluorescent dye

Front 17

Confocal microscopy

Back 17

The light illuminates each plane in a specimen to produce a 3-d image

Front 18

Electron Microscopy

Back 18

Uses electrons instead of light, the shorter wavelength of electrons give greater resolution

Front 19

Which type of microscopy gives the greatest resolution?

Back 19

Electron Microscopy

Front 20

This provides Ultra-thin sections of specimens

Back 20

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Front 21

1,000x-10,000x; resolution 20nm; SURFACE VIEW OF SPECIMEN ONLY

Back 21

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Front 22

uses various types of probes to examine the surface of a specimen using electric current which does not destroy the organism

Back 22

Scanned-Probe Microscopy

Front 23

This uses a metal and diamond probe inserted into the specimen, produces a 3-d image of internal structures and can account for the chemical composition and temperature of a specimen

Back 23

Atomic Force Microscopy

Front 24

SMEAR technique (Robert Koch)

Back 24

1.Smear
2. Air Dry
3. Heat Fix
4. Stain

Front 25

Basic Dye

Back 25

positive charge reacts with negative charged cell parts

Front 26

Bacteria are mostly __________ charged

Back 26

Negatively

Front 27

Acidic Dye

Back 27

Negative charge reacts with positive charge cell parts

Front 28

Forms silhouette providing a dark background; used to view capsule and identify shape and size of cell

Back 28

acidic dye

Front 29

Simple stain

Back 29

use of a single, basic dye

Front 30

differential stain

Back 30

uses primary dye and counter-stain to distinguish between cell types or parts

Front 31

Gram positive bacteria

Back 31

tend to be killed by penicillin and detergents

Front 32

Gram negative bacteria

Back 32

tend to be more resistant to antibiotics