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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an observation? |
Observations involve the careful watching and recording of behaviour. It doesn't manipulate the IV. The IV is normally naturally occurring, like gender. |
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What is a structured observation? |
The observation is structured so the same situation is repeated with different participants. There is no manipulation of the independent variable, however there is a manipulation of the setting and situation. |
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What are the strengths/weaknesses of a structured observation? |
Easily replicable so therefore can be tested for reliability. Results lack validity because the setting and situation has been manipulated. |
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What is a naturalistic observation? |
The observation is carried out in the participant's natural environment. There is no manipulation by the researcher. |
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What are the strengths of a naturalistic observation? |
They take place in the natural environment so there is high ecological validity. Observers can record speech, actions, interactions, body language, details about the setting and emotions; the data is rich. |
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What are the weaknesses of a naturalistic observation? |
There may be subjectivity as the researcher is deciding on what behaviour is relevant and what to record. Tallying is objective but the researcher decides which behaviour should be tallied; interpretation and isn't very scientific. |
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What is an overt observation? |
Participants know that they're being observed. They can either be told directly or there could be a sign. Observers should have clear definitions of the behaviour they are looking for and note it down when seen. |
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What are the strengths of an overt observation? |
They are ethical because informed consent can be obtained and right to withdraw given. Observers can ask for help in setting up the study; for example asking for a suitable place to observe from. |
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What are the weaknesses of an overt observation? |
Behaviour may not be natural as participants know they are being observed; affects validity as demand characteristics could come into affect. |
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What is a covert observation? |
The participants do not know they're being observed. Observers should have a clear definition of the behaviour they are looking for and note it down in secret when they see it. |
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What are the strengths of a covert observation? |
The behaviour of the pts is likely to be natural because they are unaware that they're being observed. Therefore there is good validity as the participants will not change their behaviours for the observer. |
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What are the weaknesses of a covert observation? |
Not ethical because there is no informed consent. If they are not in a public play, they go against ethical guidelines.
Hard to find a suitable position to gather data without arousing suspicion. |
