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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structured |
Behavioural categories are used. |
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Unstructured |
Researcher makes notes. |
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Behavioural categories |
Researcher operationalises the variables by listing clearly defined behaviours to be observed. |
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Coding sheet |
A grid/checklist of the behaviour categories for use when recording observations. Produces quantitative data. |
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Event sampling |
Record a behaviour every time it occurs and then total the frequency. |
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Time sampling |
Records which behaviours occur at a predetermined time interval. |
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Advantage: High ecological validity (naturalistic) |
Natural surroundings, no manipulation. Findings can be generalized to real life. |
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Advantage: Low in demand characteristics (covert) |
Without participants' awareness. Can be generalized to real life. |
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Disadvantage: Low internal validity (naturalistic) |
No variables are manipulated. Can't establish cause and effect. |
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Disadvantage: Observer bias (especially participant) |
May be influenced by expectations and subjective interpretations. Findings may not be reliable. |
