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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How much does the placenta weigh at birth |
500-600gr |
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Maternal surface of placenta is |
Irregular |
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Fetal placenta surface is |
Smooth and covered my membranes |
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Functions of placenta |
Exchange O2 and nutrients Secretes hormones Converts fetal steroids to estrogen |
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What hormones are produced by placenta |
Progesterone hCG |
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Functional unit of placenta |
Cotyledon [12-20] |
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Placenta grading |
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Grade 0 placenta |
28-31 wks No calc and smooth |
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Grade 1 placenta |
31-36 wks Slight conturing of chorionic surface Scattered calc |
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Grade 2 placenta |
36-38 wks Basal layer calc- Mnemonic-Calc "two"basal layer |
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Grade 3 placenta |
38wks + Basilar calc Interlobar calc septation-cotyledons Infarcts areas
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Annular placenta |
Ring shape placenta |
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Bipartite placenta |
Divided placenta into 2 lobes but united by vessels and membranes |
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Succenturiate placenta |
Accesory cotyledon with vascular connection to main placenta |
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Accessory types of placenta |
Succenturiate Bipartite Annular |
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Extrachorial types of placenta |
Circumvallate Circummarginate |
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Circumvallate placenta results from |
Small chorionic plate Membranes double at the edges |
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Circummarginate placenta results from |
Thinning of membranes on fetal parts |
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When is placenta considered thick |
More than 5 cm |
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Whem is placenta considered thin |
Less than 1.5cm AP |
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Casues of decresed placenta thickness |
Intrauterine Infections DM before preg IUGR preeclampsia Poly will make it look thin |
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Causes of placentomegaly |
Gestational DM Maternal infections Maternam anemia Rh isoimmunization Multiple gestations Partial mole Abruption-looks bigger Chromosomal abnormalities Sacrococcygeal teratoma |
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Cause of placenta previa |
Low implantation of blastocyst |
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Classical symptom of placenta previa |
Painless vaginal bleeding in 3rd trimester |
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When is placenta previa best diagnosed |
3rd trimester due to placental migration theory |
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What can give a false positive for placenta previa |
Overdistended bladder Focal myometrial contractions |
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Compete previa |
Placenta completely covers internal os |
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Incomplete previa |
Placenta covers the internal os partially |
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Marginal previa |
Placenta is at the edge of the internal os |
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Low lying placenta |
Placenta is in LUS within 2 cm of internal os |
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What is placental abruption |
Premature separation of all or part of a placenta from myometrium |
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What can cause placenta abruption ( its moms fault) |
AMA Smoking Trauma Drug use Fibroids Maternal vascular disease Maternal hypertension Multipartity |
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Classic symptom for placenta abruption |
Abdominal pain with or without vaginal bleeding |
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What happens with placental abruption |
Retroplacental bleeding is always present Vaginal bleeding may or may not be present |
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Types of placental abruption |
Concealed External |
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Concealed placental abruption |
No vaginal bleeding Easy to detect in ultrasound May be severe |
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External placental abruption |
Vaginal bleeding Usually not severe Hard to detect-cuz blood comes out |
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With placental abruption |
Placenta may appear normal |
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Abnormal attachements of the placenta to uterine wall |
Accreta Increta Percreta |
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Risk factors for placenta increta accreta or percreta |
C section scar Placenta previa |
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Placenta increta/percreta/accreta may cause |
Maternal hemorrage and hysterectomy may be necessary |
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Best modality for abnormal adherence of placenta |
MRI |
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Placenta accreta |
Chorionic villi touch myometrium Focal basal plate thinning |
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Placenta increta |
Chorionic villi invade myometrium Increased myometrial thickness and echogenicity |
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Placenta percreta |
Chorionic villi perforate myometrium Focal myometrial bulge |
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Chorioangioma |
Vascular benign tumor of placenta |
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Chorioangioma is usually seen where? |
Near cord insertion |
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What can chorioangiomas elevate |
MS-AFP |
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What can chorioangiomas cause if big enough |
Poly Hydrops |
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Normal attachement of placenta |
We have to see this to rule out accreta |
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What are placental lakes |
Maternal venous blood pools in placenta |
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How can we tell a placenta lake |
Slow venous flow in real time No color or power doppler |
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Fibrin deposits |
Maternal blood beneath chorionic surface |
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Placental infarcts if severe can cause |
Placental insufficiency and IUGR |
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Intervillous thrombosis is associated with |
Rh incompatibility Caused by fetal bleeding |
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What is the most common umbilical cord anomaly |
Single umbilical artery (SUA) |
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SUA can be associated with |
GU anomalies Omphalocele Cardiovascular anomalies CNS anomalies Trisomy 18 and 13 |
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Umbilical cord cysts are remnant of |
Omphalomesenteric duct -close Or Allantoic duct-away from fetus |
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Is nuchal cord associated with complications |
Not usually-present in 20% deliveries |
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Cord prolapse |
Cord protruding through the cervix |
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Is cord prolapse an emergency |
YES |
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Vasa previa |
Cord is the presenting part |
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Vasa previa is associated with |
Velamentous cord insertion |
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Umbilical vein thrombosis causes |
Almost always fetal death |
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Causes of umb vein thrombosis |
After PUBS blood transfusion Risk factors-DM moms and hydrops |
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True umbilical cords are usually seen in what type of twins |
Mono mono |
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Normal placental cord insertion |
Central |
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Cord is inserted at the margins of placenta |
Marginal/battledore insertion |
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Cord is inserted into membranes |
Velamentous insertions |
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Velamentous cord insertion is associated with |
IUGR Preterm birth Congenital anomalies |
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