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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Body Image |
•How you see your body is your perceptual body image •The way you feel about your body isyour affective body image •The way you think about your bodyis your cognitive body image •Behaviours in which you engage as aresult of your body image encompass your behavioural body image. |
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Eating disorders |
•Anorexia Nervosa •Bulimia Nervosa •Binge Eating Disorder •Disordered eating and dieting |
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Anorexia risks |
•Anaemia (iron deficiency) •Compromised immune system (e.g.getting ill often) •Intestinal problems (e.g. abdominalpain, constipation, diarrhoea) •Loss or disturbance of menstruationin girls and women •Increased risk of infertility inmen and women•Kidney failure •Osteoporosis •Heart problems (e.g. cardiacabnormalities, sudden cardiac arrest) •Death |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
•Binge eating •Vomiting •Misusing laxatives or diuretics •Fasting then binging •Excessive exercise •Use of any drugs, illicit,prescription and OTC inappropriately forweight control |
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Disordered eating |
•Fasting or chronic restrainedeating •Skipping meals •Restrictive dieting •Unbalanced eating (e.g. restrictinga major food group such as ‘fatty’ foods or carbohydrates)•Laxative, diuretic, enema misuse •Steroid and creatine use– supplements designed to enhance athletic performance and alter physicalappearance •Using ‘diet’ pills |
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Body mass index |
BMI= weight (kg) / Height (m) 2 |
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Adult BMI status by sex |
Healthyweight prevalence is much lower for men than for women (even though obesityprevalence is marginally higher for women than for men). This is because thereis a much higher prevalence of overweight in men than in women. |
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What causes obesity to be a global epidemic? |
-Individual's lifestyle choice -Society's fault - abundantly cheap food, advertising, stationary work -genetics |
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Causes of Obesity |
-overweight parents more likely to have overweight children (they exhibit more illnesses -fast food -genetics (45%) - Leptin and ghrelin are two hormonesthat have an influence on energy balance. |
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Leptin |
•a mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppresses food intake and therefore induces weight loss •produced in white adipose tissue •influences the appetite control in the hypothalamus where it inhibits appetite •obese patients are leptin-resistant (?) |
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Role of leptin in starvation |
•Leptin levels fall duringstarvation out of proportion to the loss of muscle mass. •Leptin has aneffect on regulating neuroendocrine adaptationto starvation. •This has an effect on reducing fertility •For females the loss of fertility is evidenced by lack of wouldmenstruation – which is what happens inanorexics. |
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Role of ghrelin in obesity |
•a fast-acting hormone, playing arole in meal initiation •produced in stomach and pancreas •levels increase before meals anddecrease after meals • it stimulates hunger |
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Obesity syndrome |
•Glucose intolerance and Insulinresistance leads to Type 2 diabetes •Inflammation and in angiotensinogen leads to Hypertension /CHD •Hyperlipidemia and plasminogenactivator inhibitor leads to thrombosisand stroke •Increased visceral adipose tissuecauses fatty liver disease •Increased risk of cancer dueto in inflammation•Skin problems due to physical andinflammatory effects •Risk of varicose veins and ulcers •Sleep apnoea |
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Waist circumference |
provides a superior diagnosis ofexcess visceral fat vs. BMI or waist-hip ratio |
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Very obese Obese Overweight Healthy weight Underweight |
40+ 30-39 25-29 18-24 12-17 |
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Pharmacist role |
•Helping people recognise theproblem and the associated risks •Brief advice/intervention in relation toOTC purchases – e.g. joint pain •Brief interventions in relation toprescribed medicines e.g. diabetic treatments, hypertension treatments, statins •Providing information leaflets withregard to healthy eating and exercise •More in depth support throughmotivational interviewing to makechanges in their lifestyle •Advising on requests for OTC orlistat |
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Orlistat |
•Taken with meals •Inhibits pancreatic lipase (enzymethat breaks down triglycerides in ingested fat) •Increases excretion of dietarytriglycerides •Prevents approximately 30% ofdietary fat from being absorbed •120mg is POM •60mg (and 27mg chewable) can be bought OTC if BMI> 28 kg/m2 |
