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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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LIST STRUCTURES OF THE EXTERNAL FEMALE GENITALIA
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MONS PUBIS, LABIA MAJORA, LABIA MINORA, CLITORIS, VESTIBULAR GLANDS, HYMEN
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IDENTIFY STRUCTURES OF THE INTERNAL FEMALE GENITALIA AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
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UTERUS, VAGINA-connects uterus to outside of body, FALLOPIAN TUBES-communicate with either side of the uterus, OVARIES-female gonads, CERVIX, LIGAMENTS-suspend/maintain position of the uterus, VAGINAL VAULT
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DESCRIBE THE LOCATIONS OF THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CERVICAL OS
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CERVICAL OS IS THE DIRECT OPENING TO THE CERVIX; THE 2 COMMUNICATE VIA AN ISTHMUS (one on inside, one on outside)
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3 LAYERS OF UTERINE WALL
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ENDOMETRIUM, MYOMETRIUM, PERIMETRIUM
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LIST THE LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS AND THEIR FUNCTION
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BROAD LIGAMENT-surrounds uterus suspended from pelvic cavity, ROUND LIGAMENT-suspends uterus anteriorly, CARDINAL LIGAMENTS-primary support to the uterus, UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENTS-suspend cervix and uterine body of sacrum
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5 STRUCTURES CONTAINED WITHIN THE BROAD LIGAMENT
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FALLOPIAN TUBE, UTERINE BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, UTERUS, LIGAMENTS
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3 OTHER NAMES FOR FALLOPIAN TUBES
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UTERINE TUBES, SALPINX, OR OVIDUCTS
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DESCRIBE LOCATION OF OVARIES
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MEDIAL AND LATERAL OF TUBES AND SLIGHTLY BEHIND
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NAME 2 HORMONES PRODUCED BY OVARY AND WHERE SECRETED
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ESTROGEN-from Graafian Follicles, PROGESTERONE-from corpus luteum
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NAME THE BONES OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE
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ILIUM, ISCHIUM, SYMPHYSIS PUBIS, AND ATTACHES TO SPINE AT SACRUM & COCCYX
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MAIN MUSCLE OF PELVIC FLOOR? 3 COMPONENTS?
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LEVATOR ANI; ILEOCOCCYGEAL, PUBOCOCCYGEAL, AND PUBORECTALIS
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DEFINE FETAL DISTRESS
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FETUS COMPROMISED; SUSTAINED LOW HRT RATE
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LIST REASON FOR C-SECTION. WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON?
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MALPRESENTATION, SEVERE ECLAMPSIA, POTENTIAL PROBLEMS TO MOTHER OR FETUS; CPD MOST COMMON
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DEFINE RECTOCELE, CYSTOCELE, & ENTEROCELE. HOW ARE THEY REPAIRED?
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RECTOCELE-herniation of rectum into vaginal vault, CYSTOCELE-herniation of bladder into vag. vault, ENTEROCELE-actual herniation of intestine into vagina; A&P REPAIR & ENTEROCELE REPAIR
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WHAT IS MEANT BY "INCOMPENTENT CERVIX"? PROCEDURE TO TREAT CONDITION?
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CERVIX IS UNABLE TO SUPPORT WEIGHT OF FETUS RESULTING IN EXPULSION OF FETUS; SHIRODKAR'S PROCEDURE (MCDONALD PROCEDURE OR CERVICAL CERCLAGE)
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DEFINE ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; DISCUSS TREATMENT PROCEDURE
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ANY PREGNANCY OUTSIDE THE UTERUS; THEY REMOVE THE TUBE
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WHAT IS A GENITAL FISTULA? LIST TYPES
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AN ABNORMAL PASSAGEWAY THAT DEVELOPS BETWEEN INTERNAL ORGANS AND EXTERNAL PART OF BODY OR ANOTHER ORGAN. VESICOVAGINAL-bladder drains into vagina, URETHROVAGINAL-between vagina and ureter, RECTOVAGINAL-between rectum and vagina
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WHAT CONDITION IS DIAGNOSED WITH A PAP SMEAR? TREATMENT OPTIONS?
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CERVICAL CANCER OR ABNORMAL CELLS IN CERVIX; LEEP, PUNCH BIOPSY, CRYOTHERAPY, CO2 LASER TREATMENT, CERVICAL CONIZATION
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MOST COMMON SYMPTOMS OF UTERINE CANCER? TREATMENT OPTIONS?
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WATERY, BLOOD-TINGED DISCHARGE, FOUL ODOR; HYSTERECTOMY, RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY, POSTERIOR EXENTERATION
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DEFINE ENDOMETRIOSIS. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT?
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ENDOMETRIAL TISSUE REIMPLANTS TO INNER WALLS OF THE PELVIS (can be anywhere). SYMPTOMS INCLUDE: PAINFUL PERIODS, PREVENTED PREGNANCY. TREATMENT OPTIONS: GIVE PT. MORE PROGESTERONE OR DEPO SHOT TO PREVENT STIMULATION OF ESTROGEN, ABLATION, & HYSTERECTOMY
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LIST COMMON INTRAOP AND POSTOP COMPLICATIONS DURING AND AFTER PELVIC SURGERY.
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HEMORRHAGE, INFECTION, NICK BLADDER, NICK COLON, OR THROMBOSIS
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DEFINE ABORTION AND MISCARRIAGE. LIST DIFFERENT TYPES OF ABORTION
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ABORTION-termination before 28 wks. MISCARRIAGE-termination prior to 12-28 wks.; INCOMPLETE ABORTION-prts. of embryonic material retained in uterus, MISSED ABORTION-in utero death of fetus, but retained in uterus, SPONTANEOUS ABORTION-same as abortion, VOLUNTARY INTERRUPTED ABORTION-termination @ pt's request, IMMINENT ABORTION-patient is about to abort
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DEFINE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES: PAP SMEAR, SCHILLER'S TEST, CONE BIOPSY, COLPOSCOPY, CULDOSCOPY, LAPAROSCOPY, RUBIN'S TEST, HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY
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PAP SMEAR-(Papanicolaou) cytologic study of cells taken from cervix, SCHILLER'S TEST-staining of cervix with Lugol's (stains brown) to identify abnormal tissue, CONE BIOPSY-biopsy of cervical tissue taken w/scalpel or cervitome, COLPOSCOPY-use of colposcope to i.d. & remove multiple specimen from cervix & vagina, CULDOSCOPY-endoscopic visualization of peritoneal cavity following small incision in posterior vaginal cul-de-sac, LAPAROSCOPY-endoscopic visualization of structures in peritoneal cavity through anterior abdominal wall, RUBIN'S TEST-insufflation of uterocervical canal to check patency of tubes, HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY-study of uterus and fallopian tubes to evaluate fertility (done with x-ray and radiopaque dye)
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LIST DRAPING COMPONENTS FOR AN ABDOMINAL APPROACH
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4 TOWELS SQUARED OFF, 2 HALF SHEETS, & LAP SHEET
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DRAPING FOR LITHOTOMY
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UNDER BUTTOCKS DRAPE, LEGGINGS DRAPES, & PERINEAL DRAPE
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factors for SGA
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Decreased growth potential:
Genetic disorders, intrauterine infections, teratogens, SA, radiation, small maternal stature, high altitude, female fetus IUGR: Maternal factors such as HTN, anemia, chronic renal disease, malnutrition and severe diabetes, Placental factors including placenta previa, chronic abruption, placental infection, multiple gestations |
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IUGR doppler investigation of umbilical artery
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normal flow through umbilical artery is higher during systole but only decreases 50-80% during diastole. The flow during diastole should never be absent or reversed. However, in the setting of increased placental resistance, which can be seen with a thrombosed of calcified placenta, diastolic flow decreases or even becomes absent or reversed. Reversed diastolic flow is particularly concerning and is associated with a high risk of intrauterine fetal demise.
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LGA definition
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birth weight> 4500 g
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risk factors for macrosomia
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DM, maternal obesity, postterm, previous LGA/macrosomic infant, maternal stature, multiparity, AMA, male infant, beckwith-wiedemann syndrome(pancreatic islet-cell hyperplasia).
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acid-base status in pregnancy
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arterial blood gas assessment during pregnancy normally shows a compensated respiratory alkalosis. Arterial PCO2 levels of 27-32 mm Hg and bicarbonate levels of 18-31 mEq/L are normal
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Circumvallate placenta
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occurs when the membranes double back over the edge of the placenta, forming a dense ring around the periphery of the placenta. Often considered a variant of placental abruption, it is a major cause of 2nd trimester hemorrhage.
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placenta previa
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occurs when the placenta develops over the internal cervical os. Types include complete, partial and margin.
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placenta acreta
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abnormal adherence of part of all of the placenta to the uterine wall. may be associated with a placenta in normal locations but incidence increases in placenta previa.
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placenta increta
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abnormal placentation where placenta invades myometrium.
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placenta percreta
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abnormal placentation in which the placenta invades through the myometrium to the uterine serosa. Occasionally, placentas may invade into adjacent organs such as the bladder or rectum.
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vasa previa
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occurs when a velamentous cord insertion causes the fetal vessels to pass over the internal cervical os. seen also with velamentous and succenturiate placenta.
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velamentous placenta
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blood vessels insert btwn the amnion and the chorion, away from the margin of the placenta. This leaves the vessels largely unprotected and vulnerable to compression or injury.
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succenturiate placenta
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an extra lobe of the placenta that is implanted at some distance away from the rest of the placenta. Fetal vessels may course btwn the 2 lobes, possibly over the cervix, leaving these blood vessels unprotected and at risk for rupture.
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