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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 functions of Calcium?
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1. Constituent of bones and teeth
2. blood coagulation 3. nerve transmission 4. muscle action 5. cell membrane permeability 6. enzyme activation |
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What is required for normal calcium levels?
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1. Parathyroid hormone
2. Vitamin D 3. calcitonin |
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What is a calcium deficiency in adults?
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osteomalacia
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What is a calcium deficiency in children?
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rickets
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What are some food sources of calcium?
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milk
milk products dark green leafy veggies canned fish |
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What are the functions of Phosphorous?
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1. Constiuents of bones and teeth
2. compent of ATP 3. Energy metabolism 4. pH balance 5. growth |
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What is a calcium deficiency of Phosphorous?
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rare but may occur with large intakes of antacids
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What are some food sources of Phosphorous?
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meats
meat products dairy products |
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what are the functions of Magnesium?
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1. bones and teeth
2. coenzyme in gneral metabolism 3 muscle action 4. nerve impulse transmission |
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What are some causes of Magnesium deficiency?
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1. GI Losses
2. Alcoholism 3. Protein malnutrition 4. Renal disorders |
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What are some symptoms of a Magnesium deficiency?
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1. Depression
2. Muscle weakness 3. tremors 4. delerium |
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What does Magnesium compete with for carriers?
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Calcium
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What are some food sources of Magnesium?
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1. green leafy veggies
2. nuts 3. legumes 4. whole grains 4. seafood |
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What are the functions of Sulfur?
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1. Essential components of Proteins (especially hair, cartilage and nails)
2. enzyme reaction 3. energy metabolism |
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What are some food sources of Sulfur?
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1. meats
2. eggs 3. milk 4. cheese 5. legumes |
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A diet adequate in protein contains adequate?
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Sulfur
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What are the functions of Sodium?
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1. cation in extracellular fluid
2. water balance 3. acid-base balance 4. nerve transmission 5. muscle contractions |
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Sodium is readily what?
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absorbed
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Sodium is excreted by what organ?
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kidneys
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What are some food sources of sodium?
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1. Salt
2. Sodium components used in food processing/preparation 3. milk 4. cheese 5. eggs 6. meats 7. carrots 8. spinach 9. beets 10. celery |
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What are the functions of Potassium?
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1. cation in intracellular fluid
2. water balance 3. acid-base balance 4. muscle contractions 5. nerve transmission 6. catalyst in carbohydrate and protein metabolism 7. Heart muscle action |
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What are risk factors of Potassium deficiency?
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1. GI disorders
2. diarrhea 3. tissue catabolism 4. diuretic therapy |
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which can be dangerous concerning potassium, excess or depletion?
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BOTH excess AND depletion
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What are some food sources of potassium?
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1. fruits
2. veggies 3. legumes 4. whole grains 5. meat |
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What are the functions of Chlorine?
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1. anion in extracellular fluid
2. water balance 3. acid-base balance 4. maintains strong acidity of stomach |
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A deficiency of Chlorine can cause?
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DEATH!
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what is Chlorine used in?
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Water treatment
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An excess of Chlorine is?
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TOXIC!
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What are food sources of Chlorine?
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Salt
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What are the functions of Iron?
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1. Constituent of Hemoglobin
2. Take up O2 and release CO2 |
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The absorption of Iron is affected by?
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1. Body need
2. Acidity |
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How is Iron transported?
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In the blood, bound by protein Transferrin
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How and where is Iron stored?
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as Ferritin in the liver, bone marrow and spleen
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What can an Iron deficiency cause?
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microcytic anemia
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What are some food sources of Iron?
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1. liver
2. meats 3. eggs 4. enriched and whole grain cereals 5. dark green veggies 6. legumes 7. dried fruits |
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What is iron similar to?
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Zinc
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What are the functions of Iodine?
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1. Constituent of Thyroid hormones
2. Energy metabolism and BMR |
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Where is Iodine mainly stored?
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in the thyroid gland
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a deficiency of iodine causes?
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simple goiter
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a severe deficiency of iodine causes?
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crentinism
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what iodine deficiency is rarely seen in the US?
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goiter
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What are some food sources of Iodine?
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1. iodized salt
2. seafood 3. foods grown in coastal areas (Ground contains iodine) |
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what is the BEST food source of iodine?
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iodized salt
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what are the functions of Zinc?
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1. Activates Vitamin A
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what does Zinc compete with for absorption?
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Calcium
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Zinc deficiency in the US is?
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marginal
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a severe Zinc deficiency may cause?
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1. poor adolescent sex organ development
2. dwarfism |
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Other problems associated with Zinc are?
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1. poor wound healing
2. skin problems 3. muscle weakness |
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What are some food sources of Zinc?
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1. seafood
2. organ meats 3. meats 4. milk 5. cheese 6. eggs |
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Zinc is similar to?
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Iron
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What is Zinc sometimes prescribed for?
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to Increase appetite for Anorexics
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What are the functions of Copper?
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1. absorption and use of Iron (Synthesis of hemoglobin)
2. Electron transport |
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A deficiency of Copper is?
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Rare but does occur with severe malnutrition
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Abnormal storage of Copper results in?
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Wilson's Disease
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What are some food sources of Copper?
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1. Liver
2. meat 3. Shellfish 4. Legumes 5. Whole grains |
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What are the functions of Flourine?
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1. increase resistance of teeth decay
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What is the most effective way to provide Flourine?
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Systemically
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Where is most Flourine stored?
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in bones and teeth
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A Continuous excess of Flourine may lead to?
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mottled teeth
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What is a source of Flourine?
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flourinated water
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A deficiency of Flourine is?
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tooth decay
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What are the functions of Selenium?
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1. antioxidant
2. spares vitamin E from oxidation |
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Where is Selenium stored?
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Liver and Kidney
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High intake levels of Selenium is?
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Highly Toxic
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Are supplements of Selenium recommended?
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NO!
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what are some food sources of Selenium?
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1. meat
2. seafood 3. cereals |
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What are the functions of Chromium?
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1. aid in insulin and glucose uptake
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What is another name for Chromium?
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Glucose Tolerance Factor
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What are some food sources of Chromium?
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1. liver
2. meat 3. cheese 4. whole grain cereals |
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Where does the absorption of Calcium primarily occur?
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in the upper portion of the small intestine
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