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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Water that is found inside cells
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intracellular water
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Water that is found outside the cells.
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extracellular water
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Extracellular water that is found in blood.
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intravascular water
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Extracellular water that is found in the fluid around cells.
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interstitial water
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Substances that break into ions in water and attract water.
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electrolytes
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The membrane (cell) that water crosses when the electrolyte concentration on one side is greater than on the other side.
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semipermeable membrane
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The buildup of fluid in interstitial spaces.
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edema
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The amount of water that comes into and is generated by out bodies equal to the amount of water that leaves our bodies.
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water balance
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The kind of loss of water that is removed from the body in the urine because we comprehend through our senses the fact that urination has taken place.
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sensible water
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Smaller quantities of water that are lost by feces, skin, and breath because we are less aware of it.
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insensible water loss
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Increase urine production.
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diuretics
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Results in the body obtaining water from interstitial and intracellular compartments because there is not enough fluid in the intravascular compartment to form urine.
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dehydration
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An excess of water with symptoms that include headache blurred vision, and seizures
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water intoxication
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Inorganic elements that cannot be broken down further using ordinary chemical procedures that the body uses to promote chemical reactions and to form body structures.
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minerals
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Required by the diet in quantities of more than 100mg/day(6)
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major minerals (potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur)
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Minerals required in the diet in quantities of less than 100mg/day and the food content of them is based on the soil in which it is grown and in the loss or addition of minerals during processing.(9)
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trace minerals (iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, fluoride, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese)
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The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed into, and is therefore available to, the body.
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bioavailability
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The abnormal, compulsive craving for and eating of nonfood substances.
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pica
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High blood pressure that may result from excess intakes of sodium and is greater than 90mm diastolic (between) and 140mm mercury systolic (pumping)
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hypertension
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The bone cells that support bone formation.
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osteoblasts
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the bone cells that favor breakdown of the bone network
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osteoclasts
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A condition that is a result of deficient intake and/or absorption of calcium.
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osteoporosis
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The iron in the hemoglobin and myoglobin of animal flesh. Good sources are meat, fish, and poultry.
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heme iron
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Iron that is found in vegetables, legumes, and grains, as well as in meat, fish, and poultry.
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nonheme iron
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The protein that iron is bound to after it is absorbed into the bloodstream.
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transferrin
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The intestinal cell where temporary storage of iron takes place when the body does not require it.
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ferritin
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The iron containing part of the red blood cell that carries oxygen to the cells and some carbon dioxide away from the cells.
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hemoglobin
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The iron containing protein that controls the rate of diffusion of oxygen from red blood cells into the muscle cells.
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Myoglobin
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Most of absorbed iron will be used to make? (2)
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hemoglobin and myoglobin
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A deficiency of iron which is characterized by a decrease in the color, number, and size of red blood cells and has symptoms such as pale skin and mucous membranes, fatigue, poor temperature regulation, difficult breathing, and spoon-shaped fingernails.
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microcytic anemia
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Iodine deficiency in an adult that results in an enlarged thyroid gland.
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goiter
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Substances in certain raw vegetables (turnips, rutabagas, cabbage, and cassava) that interfere with the formation of thyroid hormones.
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goitrogens
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Infants born to women who consume too little iodine will have stunted growth and irreversible mental retardation.
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cretinism
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The hard substance between cells in bones and teeth and is held in place by collagen.
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hydroxyapatite
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