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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Processes |
1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption 4. Assimilation - absorbed food substances are converted into new protoplasm / provide energy |
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Peristalsis |
Rhythmic, wave-like contractions |
Think of the sea... |
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Swallowing |
❗ circular muscles = inner
When circular muscles contract, longitudinal relax. Wall of gut constricts, becomes narrower and longer. Food is squeezed forward. // wall of gut dilates, lumen widens for food to enter |
Antagonistic muscles. |
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Stomach |
Pyloric sphincter: where the stomach joins the small intestine. When this ring contracts, entrance to the small intestine closes. |
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Small & large intestine |
S: walls secrete digestive enzymes, absorb L: absorb water and mineral salts |
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Liver |
Cells produce bile |
What do cells do? |
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Functions of liver |
1. Prod bile 2. Iron storage - RBC destroyed in spleen, haemoglobin is brought to e liver, haemoglobin is broken down, liver stores e iron that is released 3. Protein synthesis - synthesises proteins from amino acids to form prothrombin and fibrinogen 4. Deamination - excess AA are removed and converted into urea 5. Detoxification - alcohol broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase into acetaldehyde |
Produce bile, stores iron, deamination, detoxification, protein synthesis |
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Harmful effects of alcohol on digestive system |
Prolonged alcohol use may lead to cirrhosis, liver cells will be destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissue, less functional, may haemorrhage |
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Harmful effects of alcohol on nervous system |
1. Depressant - slow down some brain functions 2. Reduced self-control 3. Effect in reaction times - blurred vision, poor muscular coordination ➡ clumsy - judgement deteriorates, underestimate speed ➡ drive faster, less caution, reaction slower |
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