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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____% of dog and ____% of cat owners in the U.S. feed at least ____% of diet as commercial pet food
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87, 95, 75
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over _____ pet food labels in the US , with _______ US pet manufacters
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5,000, 50-75
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market segments of the pet food industry
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Private label brands/generics, grocery brands, specialty brands, veterinary medical foods
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____% of sales in dry food
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80% dog foods
58% cat foods |
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____% of sales in semi moisture food
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<1% dog food
<1% cat food |
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____sales of soft-dry foods
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2.4% dog foods
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____ % of sales of moist foods
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20% dog foods
39% cat foods |
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% commercial foods being fed- cats
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canned- 1%
dry- 33% dry and canned- 66% |
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% commercial foods being fed- dogs
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canned- 1%
dry- 57% dry and canned- 41% |
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____% of dog owners that use treats
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90%
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_____% of cat owners that use treats
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60%
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dry matter %=
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100%- % moisture
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dry weight %=
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nutrient%/ Dry matter %
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Beef
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at least 70% total product
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Beef dinner
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at least 10%(canned) or 25%(dry) total product
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With beef
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at least 3% total product
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beef flavor
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recognizable by pet
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regulation of pet foods by
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FDA, USDA, AAFCO, State dept. of ag
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on an info panel what is required for the guaranteed analysis
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crude protein(min), crude fat(min), crude fiber(max), moisture(max)
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ingredient list is listed on _____ basis by ____
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"As Is" , weight
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max moisture content is
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78%
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if moisture content is greater than 78% than
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"in gravy" or a "sauce"
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top ways people show affection to their pets
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cats 82% feed, 52% treats
Dogs: 85% feed them, 81% treats |
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____% of clients consulting nutrition services for evaluation of homemade diets
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10-30
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____% of premium pet food purchaser desire natural foods
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30
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types of alternative diets
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homemade wellness diets(including vegetarian diets), Homemade therapeutic diets, raw food diets
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homemade food benefits
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owner sense of involvement, pet palatability preferences, Ingredient avoidance/control, Ingredient preferences, sometimes cost
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diet drift
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Preparation errors when clients prepare diets therefore need to recheck animal on diet
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Homemade foods have lack of
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FEEDING TRIALS
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Common nutrition errors with homemade diets:
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Excessive protein/fat, EFA deficiency, CA and micro-mineral deficiency, Vit deficiency, Feline nutritional peculiarities
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Types of raw food diets
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commercially available, homemade, combination
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commercially available raw food
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refrigerated, freeze dried, frozen
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commercially available raw diet examples
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wysong archetype, steves's real food, bill-jac fresh frozen diet, meat eater diet, Dr. Billinghurst's BARF diet
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Homemade raw diets
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Barf diets, ultimate diet, Volhard diet, others
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BARF Diet
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"Biologically appropriate raw food" or " Bones and Raw Food"
Diet consisting of 60% raw meaty bones |
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BARF attempts to balance diet _____
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overall rather than at each meal (schedule a variety of meals over a 2-3 week period)
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Ultimate Raw food diet
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Base of raw meat, organ meats and egss. NO GRAIN OR DAIRY, vegetables
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APEX "extras" of Ultimate diet
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kelp, alfalfa, EFA, and vit C( dog/cat dont need it but shes says give it)
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volhard raw food diet
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morning and evening meals; recommend once weekly fast
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combination raw food diet
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commercial grain/supplement mixes meant to be fed in combo with raw meat
"european style" |
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30% of dogs on ________diet shed pathogens in their feces
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BARF diet
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conditions with dietary risk factors
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Obesity, progression of renal disease, development orthopedic disease(canine), FLUDT(feline), dental disease
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3 feeding methods
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free-choice, time restricted, food restricted
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which type of feeding method is best for house training?
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Time-restricted
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Which feeding method is most recommended?
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Food-restricted, can control what the animal gets and they dont have to be forced to eat it fast
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Food dosage determination
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Basis for nutritional management, diagnostic tool, and basic skill in nutritional therapy
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______ is voluntary on a pet food label
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Energy Density
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ways to figure out energy density
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Manufactor's info., pet food label, calculate, estimate
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A measuring cup is measuring vol. NOt ____
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Wt.
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All life stages
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NOT always good
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Specific purpose foods:
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Life stages: Growth, Adult, Geriatric( no scientific evaluation)
Body condition/use: Obese-prone, Athletic/working, Gestation, lactation |
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Dogs as________
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omnivores
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Eating behavior of dogs
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Canis lupus=nearest ancestor
Canis latrans= close relative |
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feed puppy food to puppies until they are~ ____ of adult size
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80%
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Key nutritional factors for puppies
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Energy density, protein, fat, Ca/P, soluble carbs, digestibility
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avoid excess _______ in large/giant breeds
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calories and Ca
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highlighted Key factors of obese prone adults dogs
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Energy density, Fat(lower), fiber
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Non- dietary risk factors of obese prone dogs
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Breed/genetics, gender and repro status, age, sedentary life style
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Highlighted key factors feeding working/athletic dogs
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Energy density, Protein, Fat, antioxidants
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Highlighted key nutritional factors feeding reproducing dogs
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Energy density, protein, fat, soluble carbs, Ca/P, digestibility
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Feeding bitch during weaning
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Day prior = little/ no food
Weaning day= 1/4 DER Day after= 1/2 DER 2nd day after= 3/4 DER 3rd day = Full DER |
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Highlighted Key nutritional factors of older adult dogs
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Energy density, protein, fat, fiber, food texture, Ca/P, sodium/chloride, antioxidants
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Older dogs Should not be eating ____ food
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for all life stages! They dont need more minerals
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common health problems in aging dogs
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obesity, musculoskeletal, chronic kidney disease, decreased cognitive function
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"Senior" dog foods have
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no scientifically established nutrient profile
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_______ is the most common form of malnutrition
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OBESITY
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Older dogs dont tolerate nutrient _____
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excess
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What is developmental skeletal disease?
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A group of diseases that are commonly seen in large breed, fast growing puppies
50-99=large; over 99=giant |
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what are some examples of developmental skeletal disease
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Hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis, panosteitis, hypertrophic osteodystrophy
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what are risk factors for developmental orthopedic disease?
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genetics, environment, nutrition
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Factors that increase risk of developmental skeletal disease
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large and giant breeds(genetic), Ad libitum feeding(management/gender), High energy foods(nutrition), High calcium intake(nutrition), age, rapid growth(nutrition)
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Nutritional risk factors(developmental orthopedics)
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Over consumption, excess energy(fat), excess calcium, NOT protein
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observe growth and skeleton up to
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6 months
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Growth diets should:
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Provide energy for growth, high BV protein (EAAs), avoid excess Ca, >80% digestibility
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Cats- Amino acids
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Arginine, Taurine, CYS&MET
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Cats can consume up to _____of calories from lipid without neg, effects
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65%
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cats cant take linoleic and make ____
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arachidonic acid
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If cats have a lot of _____ in their urine its BAD
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fructose
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changes that take place after neutering
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Decreased resting energy, increased food intake, decreased insulin sensitivity
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Highlighted key nutritional factors for obese prone cats
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Energy density, fat, fiber
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Highlighted key nutritional factors for reproducing cats
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Energy density, protein, fat, Ca/P, soluble carbs, taurine, copper
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Feeding queen during weaning:
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Day prior= little/ no food
Weaning day= 1/4 DER Day after= 1/2 DER 2nd day after= 3/4 DER 3rd day after= Full DER |
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Highlighted key nutritional factors for older catsq
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Energy Density, protein, fat, Ca/P, sodium/Cl/K, Average urinary pH, Food texture
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