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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the primary pupose of the food we eat?
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provide us with a variety of nutrients
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__ and __ are the most common influence in food choices
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taste texture
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the life span of the human body is __
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120 years
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the average US life expectancy is between __ years
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75-80
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__ of all deaths in teh US have diet and lack of exercise as risk factors
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2/3
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each individual is born with 6-7 deffective genes and teh typcial american has __ chronic diseases after the age of 18
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7
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how people ive and the enirornmental factors that influence them
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nurture
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each persons geneti potential wto be expressed
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nature
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health care contributes to __ % of early death
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10
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enviornmental conditions contributes to __ % of early death
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20
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lifestyle choices contributes to __ % of early death
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50
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genetic makeup contributes to __ % of early death
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20
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what 2 lifestyle factors are the most important?
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exercise and nutrition
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the american diet is high in __, __, __, and __; low in __, __ and __
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fat, calories, salt, sugar; fiber, fruits, veggies
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has direct ties to sagurated fat, cholesterol, low intakes of V and M, low intakes of F and V, exessive body fat
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heart disease
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has ties to low Fand V, low fiber, high saturated fat
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cancer
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alcohol supplies __ calories per gram
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7
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the process by which carbohydrates are converted to ethanol by teh action of teh enzymes in yeast
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fermentation
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a heating process that increases alcohol content by evaporation and trapping the purified alcohol
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distillation
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__ are high in calories and low in or devoid of essential nutrients
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acoholic beverages
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__ encourages fat deposition, especially in teh __ region
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alchohol, abdominal
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the percentage of alcohol the berverage contains
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proof
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the percentage of alcohol present in your blood
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BAC
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up to three drinks a week, may protect aginst heart disease and stroke, increaes the body's production of HDL, protects against diabetes and gallstones
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low intake of alcohol
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4-14 drinks per week formen and 4-7 drinks a week for women
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moderate intake of alchohol
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moderate conusumptoin of alcohol is __ drink per day for womend and __ for men
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1,2
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which type of drink seems to have teh most benefits?
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redwine
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__ skins of grapes have teh most antioxidants
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red-purple
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alshohol can provide __% of your calries depednding on your intake level
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10-50
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alsochol is absorbed in teh stomach __%, the SI __%
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20, 60
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it takes about __ hour per drink to to metablize
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1
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__ deaths of college students a year are from alcohol
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1400
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__% of men and __% of women binge drink
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48, 41
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scarring of teh liver and formation of fibrous tissue
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cirrhosis
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the facial charactreristics of a child with this include: short nose with flattened bridge, eyelids with extra folds, thin upper lip with no groove in it
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feta alcohol syndrom
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disintergration of teeth due to acids produced by basteria in the mouth that feed on sugar
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tooth decay
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teh stickiness of a food (teeth)
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stickiness factor
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inflammation of teh gums
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ginivitis
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overdosing of flouride whcih causes discolored teeth (moltted)
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flourosis
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frequent and prolonged exposure to sweet fluids or milk in bottles when they go to sleep
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baby bottle caries
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bad breath casued by bacteria on teh tongue and infection from teh stomach
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halitosis
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a disease resulting rom inadequate blood circulation to parts of the heart
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cornonary heart disease
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with cornoary heart disease, the arteries are narrowed by __
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50%
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the deposits of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and cell materials in teh lining of teh inner wall of teh arteries.
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plaque
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closure of an artery, cblood clot
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cornoanry thrombosis
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clsure of artery plauque
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coronary occlusion
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death of heart tissue
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myocardial infraction
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hardening of the arteries
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arterioclerosis
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deposits of plaque in teh cardiovascular area
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atherosclerosis
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plaque buildup disorders found in arteries of teh heart, brain, and other organs and tissues
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cardiovascuarl diease
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uncontrolled and abnormal owth of cells taht can spread throughout the body
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caner
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every person ha ~ __ million cell duplications every day
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70
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stage during the start of cancer development, somehting alters DNA
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initiation
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the cells with altered DNA divide and produce large numbers of abnormal cells (10-30) years
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promotoin stage
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the body loses control over the abnormal cells and teh abnormal cells grow and interfere with teh normal functions of the tissue
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progression stage
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nutrion is related to ~ __% of cancers
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35
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disorders resulting from one abnormal gene, over 800 have been discovered many of these change nutrinet needs
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single gene defects
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lack of an enzyme taht cuases phenylalanine to build up in teh blood
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PKU (phenylketonuria)
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disorder caused by a genetic deficiency of a protein that helps regulate iron absorption
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hemochromatosis
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intestinal malabsorption disorder caused by an intolerance to gluetn
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celiac
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lack of an enzyme that causes an intolerance to lactose in dairly products
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lactose intolerance
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fat is used during __ aerobic exercise for athletse
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low intesntiy
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what two factors deterine the biochemical pathways that will be used?
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intensity, duration
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What are the three E's of nutrition?
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essential nutrion for survival, optiumum health, and maximal athletic performance
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a loss of __% of body water can be fatal
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9-12
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sports drinks provide between __ carbohydrate and about __ milligrams of sodium per 8 ounces
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4-8, 50
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eat about __% fat with each meal
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25
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realistic weight gain is __ lbs per week
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1/2
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what are teh three basic purposes of food?
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provide energy, regulate metabolic processes, support growth and development
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carbohydrates stored int eh muscle as glycogen is used for intesnse exercise lasting __
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1-3 min
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the oxidation of glycogen ad fats as exercise increase passes __
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5 min
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the body store of C and F are adequate to satisfy the energy demands of most activities lasting less than __
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1 hour
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the application of nutrtional principles to sport with the intent of maximzing performance
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sport nutrtion
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comercial food products targeted to athlets and physcially active indiviuals contianng various conentrations of fats, carbohydrates, and protein
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sports bars
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popular term for various glucose electrolyte fluid replacement drinks
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sports drinks
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commercial food products targeted to athletes consiting of primarly of carbohydrate in a gel form
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sports gels
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infusion of red blood cells to increase the o2 carrying ability of blood
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blood doping
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derivatives of testonsterone, works but has serious health consequences
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steroids
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three major factors affecting performance
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genetics, training, nutrition
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nutrion and physcial performance depends on __ (3)
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glycogen store, hydration, fluid balance
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storage form of glucose, energy for muscle activity comes from fat and glucose, both are used
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glycogen stores
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slowing down because there is no longer stored muscle glycogen, depends on how well you can use stored liver
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hitting the wall
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exhaustion because there is no longer stored muscle or liver glycogen
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bonking
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eating extra carbohydrates in combo with doing depletion exercise several days before an event
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carbohydrate loading
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to carbohydrate load means increases carbohydrate intake to __ __ days before an event
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70-80%, 3
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you should consume __ cups of water prior to an event
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2
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you should drink __ ounces of water every 15 minutes druing exercises
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4-6
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you should drink __ cups of water after an event
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2
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a loss of __% of body's water will effect performance
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2
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help maintain the bodyies fluid balacne
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electrolytes
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drink at least __ minutes prior to event
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30
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eat __ hours beofre competition
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3-4
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pre game meal should be __ calories
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500-600
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work-enhancing agents that are used in attempts to increse athletic performance capacity
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ergogenic aid
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athlets should have __g/kg body weight a day
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6-10
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high glycemic index carbohydrate __ mintutes post workout are beneficial
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15-20
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eat a blanced meal withing __ hours after competition
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1-2
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eating three square meals a day an occasional snack an occasional mised meal, consuming calories to match claories expended
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normal eating
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an abnormal change in eating pattern related to an illness, a stressful event, or a desire to improve ones health and appearance
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disordered eating
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self-imposed semi starvation feast and famine cycles, binge eating, purging and consumption of nonfood products
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eating disorder
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what is the average BMI of actresses?
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16.3
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__% of american go on a diet every new years day
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80
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__% of college women have diets
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90
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__% of women are always on a diet
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20
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__ of overeating is in a resonse to emotions
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75
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today, teh average diet is by age __
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8
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__ of 4th grade fgirls are on a diet
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1/2
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__% of women who diet get eating disorders
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10
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ED involving a psychological loss or denail of appetitie and self-starvation, resuling in part of a disoterd body image and various social pressure
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anorexia nervosa
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ED in which large quantities of foods are eaten at one time then self induced elimination of food
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bulimia nervosa
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__% of people with anorexia nervosa die
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10
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ED in which the individual periodically binge eats but usually does not throw up
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binge eating disorder
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ED in which teh parent uses a diet designed for an adult not realizing childresn needs are different
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baryophobia
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ED in which an individuals consumes items that are nonfood
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PICA
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what food item do many models consume?
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tissue paper
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three characteristics of eating disorders
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behavioral, emotional/mental, physical
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characterisic of ED: excessive dieting, fasting restricted diet, food rituals, preoccupation with body
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behavioral
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characterisic of ED: intense fear of becoming fat, depression, social isolation, perfectionistic, low self worth
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emotional mental
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characterisic of ED: low body weight, lanugo, heart arrhythmia, thinning hair, lowered body temp
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physical
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ideal body image for women ahs generally stabalized at __% below healthy body weight
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13-19
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anorexia treatment ahs a __% full success rate
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50
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stops further weight loss by increasing food intake to reach normal metabolic reate/reversing physcial damage
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nutrional therapy
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how many calories are absorbed before purging?
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1/3
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three factors of the female athlete triad
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abnormal eating paterns, excessive exercising, premature ostoporosis, amenorrhea
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eating disorder associated with competitive participation in athletic activity
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anorexia athletica
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what is the female triad
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disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, osteoporosis
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