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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrition
definition interdisciplinary study of |
: the study of foods and the effect of their nutrients and other chemical compounds of health
-Psychological, Economics, Science and Food/Culture |
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Good Nutrition
definition It will: Prevents: |
: consuming an adequate amount of energy and nutrients to maintain growth and health
- Will fuel our cells with energy so our bodies can do daily tasks and exercise -Prevents: deficiency and chronic dz |
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Malnutrition
definition Results in: Causes: |
: inadequate of excessive calories or nutrients
-Results in: impaired body function and dz - Causes: poor diets & diseases that interfere with the body's ability to process nutrients |
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Energy
definition |
(calories or kcal)
: a unit of measure of the amount of energy supplied by a food :The capacity to do work. The energy in food is chemical energy. The body can convert this chemical energy into mechanical, electrical or heat energy. |
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Nutrients
definition |
: substances in foods that are used by the body for growth and health
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6 classes of Nutrients
Micro or macro nutrients? What are macro and micro nutrients? |
-Water (micro)
-Carbohydrate (MACRO) -Protein (MACRO) -Fat (MACRO) -Vitamins (micro) -Minerals (micro) --Macronutrients- body requires them in relatively large amounts --Micronutrients- required only in small amounts |
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Chemical composition of
( C H O N MIN) ORGANIC: CHO FAT PROTEIN VITAMIN INORGANIC: MINERALS WATER |
CHO C H O
FAT C H O PROTEIN C H O N VITAMINS C H O MINERALS MIN WATER H O |
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Essential (life sustaining) Nutrients
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Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs. AKA indispensable nutrients. About 40 nutrients are essential nutrients.
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Nonessential life-sustaining nutrients
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The body can make these nutrients
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Whole foods
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produced by the earth
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Processed foods
why? |
any process that alters food
Why? To preserve food and increase the shelf life NOT necessarily bad |
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Enriched foods VS Fortified foods
and examples |
ENRICHED: original nutrients were taken out and added back in
Ex. collate, iron, b vitamins FORTIFIED: added to foods ex. Add vitamin D to milk Add fiber to cereal |
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External factors that drive our food choices
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Habit
Ethnic Heritage/Tradition Social Interactions Availability, Convenience and Economy Positive and Negative Associations Emotions Values Body Weight/Image Nutrition and Health Benefits |
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Physiological factors that drive our food choices
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-Hunger
-Meet nutrient needs |
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Social reasons for eating
Cultural Economical |
SOCIAL: what motivates your food choices? home vs. away at school
CULTURAL: religion, ethnic food expectations ECONOMICAL: budget |
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How many consumers report being confused by reports giving dietary advice?
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22% or 1 in 5 consumers
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2 Key governmental agencies for food safety
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1. The good and drug administration (FDA)
2. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) |
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The Scientific Method
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Observation and questions
Hypothesis and Prediction Experiment Results and Interpretation Hypothesis Supported -> Theory Hypothesis not supported -> new observations and questions |
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Items to consider in experimental design
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-group assignment
-subject number -method for assigning groups Placebo effect Blind experiment Double blind experiement |
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Researcher's 2 Research Designs
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1. Epidemiological
2. Experimental |
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Epidemiological Studies
3 subtypes |
1. Cross sectional
2. Case control 3. Cohort *make associations, not causation |
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Experimental Studies
3 subtypes |
1. Lab-based Animal
2. Lab-based In Vitro 3. Human Intervention |
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Other items to consider when evaluating nutrition information
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-needs to be controlled
-peer-reviewed journals - multiple studies done by independent investigators with results that show similar results to be able to state there is a causative effect of treatment |
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Registered Dietitians (RD)
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-BS in food science and human nutrition
-Internship with a minimum of 1200 hrs supervised experience -Pass national exam given by American Dietetic Association (ADA) -maintain credentials through continuing education |
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Nutrition Experts
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Advanced training in human nutrition or food science
MS, MA, PhD degree in one of the above fields -MD or DO with additional training in Human Nutrition |
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What are calories?
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Units by which energy is measured. Food energy is measured in kilocalories (1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie). One kcalorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree celcius.
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Definition of Energy-yielding Nutrients
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the nutrients that break down to yield energy the body can use (Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein)
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Definition of Organic VS inorganic compounds
and examples |
Organic- all contain carbon, an element found in all living things
(carb, lipids, proteins, vitamins) Inorganic- do not contain carbon (minerals and water) |
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Metabolism
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the process by which nutrients are broken down to yield energy or used to make body structures
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Energy density
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a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the amount of food (kcalories per gram)
*Low energy density help with weight loss |
