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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infant Mortality Rate factors
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Birth Weight
Weeks Gestation |
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Low Birth Weight
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2500 g or 5.5 lb
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VLBW
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1500 g or 3.5 lb
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Optimal Birth Weight
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3500-4500 g or 7.75-10 lb
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Maternal Blood Changes
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Plasma volume increases 50%
RBC volume increases 30% --These cause dilutional anemia of pregnancy...hemoglobin during pregnancy 11.5 g/dL WBC count increases Platelet count decreases Changes in blood flow (uterus, skin, kidneys, breasts) |
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Maternal Changes in GI Tract
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Appetite changes
Oral cavity: salivation increases(?), decreased pH Motility reduced/Muscle tone decreased: gastric reflux, constipation Stomach: acid increased initially then decreased, increased stomach volume, reflux due to slower emptying time and relaxation of cardiac sphincter Positioning: stomach, intestines move upward and laterally Gallbladder: emptying time slowed and incomplete; bile can become thick and lead to gall stones |
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What hormone is responsible for morning sickness?
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hCG
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Anabolic Phase
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up to week 20
building up Ex: building energy stores, decrease exercise tolerance, increase blood volume |
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Catabolic Phase
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week 20 ->
using up stores Ex: utilizing stored energy, insulin resistance, increased exercise tolerance This is when the fetus grows very fast |
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Placenta Functions
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hormone and enzyme production
input of nutrients, oxygen, water output of wastes, CO2, urea, uric acid Barrier: Alcohol, drugs, some viruses go through..Large proteins, bacteria, mom's RBC do not go through Controls rate of passage |
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Folic acid recommendations:
to prevent occurrence of NTD: to prevent REcurrence: |
400 mcg (0.4mg)
4 mg (10 x higher) |
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Pregnancy Weight gain:
pre-pregnancy: Underweight <18.5 BMI |
Recommended weight gain: 28-40 lbs
About 1-1.3 pounds per week in 2nd and 3rd trimester |
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Pregnancy Weight gain:
pre-pregnancy: Normal weight 18.5-24.9 BMI |
Recommended weight gain: 25-35 lbs
About 0.8-1 pounds per week in 2nd and 3rd trimester |
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Pregnancy Weight gain:
pre-pregnancy: Overweight 25-29.9 BMI |
Recommended weight gain: 15-25 lbs
About 0.5-0.7 pounds per week in 2nd and 3rd trimester |
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Pregnancy Weight gain:
pre-pregnancy: Obese >30 BMI |
recommended weight gain: 11-20
About 0.4-0.6 lbs per week in 2nd and 3rd trimester |
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Calculate BMI
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weight(lb) x 703/height^2
kg/m^2 |
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Low risk for GDM
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less than 25 years old
in an ethnic group with low prevalence of GDM normal weight before pregnancy no known family with diabetes no history of abnormal glucose tolerance no history of poor obstetric outcome |
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problems with GDM
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macrosomia
hypoglycemia of neonate |
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macrosomia
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very big baby
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hypoglycemia of neonate
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baby is producing more insulin to keep up with the hyperglycemic environment, then when it is born it is producing too much insulin and not getting the glucose to match
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nutrition for GDM
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goal is to normalize blood glucose
CHO constant energy sufficient but not excessive |
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preeclampsia
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sudden increase in BP
if not managed, can lead to eruption of placenta only cure is delivery of baby..usually mom is put on bed rest if the baby would be too premature |
