Nutrition, Digestion, And Excretion

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

all of the chemical processes that happen in your body... factors that affect this are sex, age, hormones, exercise

Front 2

Fats

Back 2

provides us with stored, long-term energy

Front 3

Carbohydrates

Back 3

provide a quick source of energy

Front 4

Proteins

Back 4

responsible for growth and repair

Front 5

Water

Back 5

essential for cell activities

Front 6

Vitamins

Back 6

required in small amounts for normal body function

Front 7

Minerals

Back 7

required in small amounts for normal body function

Front 8

Nutritional Deficiency

Back 8

happens when a person does not get the right amount and type of nutrients, usually a vitamin or mineral. Ex- Scurvy (deficiency of vitamin C) or Ricketts (deficiency of Calcium.

Front 9

Roughage

Back 9

indigestible parts of food products. Ex- skin/peels of fruits and vegetables

Front 10

Calorie

Back 10

measures the amount of energy in food

Front 11

Digestion

Back 11

process by which food is broken down from complex to simpler molecules

Front 12

Digestive System

Back 12

a one-way tract which begins with the mouth and ends at the anus

Front 13

Mechanical Digestion

Back 13

food is broken down into smaller pieces. Ex- grinding in mouth, churning in stomach

Front 14

Chemical Digestion

Back 14

food is broken down into simpler molecules that the body can use and absorb. Ex- saliva in mouth, stomach, small intestine

Front 15

Mouth

Back 15

mechanical and chemical digestion occur here

Front 16

Esophagus

Back 16

peristalsis is the involuntary contractions that move food through this digestive track

Front 17

Stomach

Back 17

Mechanical (churning)
Chemical (protein digestion begins)

Front 18

Small intestine

Back 18

most chemical digestion occurs here... the absorption of nutrients in villi takes place here

Front 19

Large intestine

Back 19

re-absorption of water

Front 20

Rectum

Back 20

holds undigested food (wastes) until evacuation

Front 21

Anus

Back 21

wastes exits the body

Front 22

Accessory Organs

Back 22

release enzymes (food does not enter any of these organs)

Front 23

Salivary Glands

Back 23

(Saliva-chemical digestion)

Front 24

Liver

Back 24

produces bile (breaks down fats)

Front 25

Gall Bladder

Back 25

stores bile until needed

Front 26

Pancreas

Back 26

produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Front 27

Vomiting

Back 27

reverse peristalsis

Front 28

Ulcers

Back 28

erosion of mucus lining

Front 29

Constipation

Back 29

too much water reabsorbed

Front 30

Diarrhea

Back 30

very little water is reabsorbed

Front 31

Excretory System

Back 31

responsible for the removal of metabolic wastes ; eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes like urine, sweat, and carbon dioxide

If toxic wastes are not removed from the body, they can build up, damage organs, and result in illness or death
Blood carries waste materials to the organs of excretion

Front 32

Lungs

Back 32

removes gaseous waster (CO2) from the blood when you exhale

Front 33

Kidneys

Back 33

filter and remove liquid waste (urea) from the blood in the form of urine

Kidneys produce about 1.5 liter of urine
Kidneys are made up of over 1 million nephrons

Front 34

Nephrons

Back 34

like small filter

Front 35

Skin

Back 35

largest organ, contains sweat glands which allows the body to remove excess heat

Front 36

Liver

Back 36

filters toxins and old red blood cells from the blood

Front 37

Pair of Kidneys

Back 37

filter urea and create urine

Front 38

Pair of Ureters

Back 38

tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Front 39

Bladder

Back 39

an elastic muscular organ that holds urine until it is released

Front 40

Urethra

Back 40

a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of they body