Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What percent of adults in the U.S. are overweight or obese?
|
66%
|
|
What percent of children and adolescents in the U.S. are overweight or obese?
|
33%
|
|
True or False: Obesity is only in industrialized nations.
|
False!!
more than 115 million people in developing countries suffer from obesity-related problems |
|
When "energy out" exceeds "energy in", the _____ of fat cells decreases, but not their _____.
|
size; number
|
|
Excess fat first fills the body's natural storage site, which is what?
|
adipose tissue
|
|
What is epigenetics?
|
the influence of environmental factors
|
|
Obesity due to an increase in the NUMBER of fat cells
|
hyperplastic obesity
|
|
Obesity due to an increase in the SIZE of fat cells
|
hypertrophic obesity
|
|
What does leptin do?
|
suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure;
promotes negative energy balance |
|
Gherlin
|
secreted primarily by the stomach cells;
promotes a positive energy balance by stimulating appetite and promoting efficient energy storage |
|
Two types of fat in the body
|
Brown fat and white fat
|
|
What does white adipose tissue do?
|
stores fat for other cells to use for energy
|
|
What does brown adipose tissue do?
|
releases stored energy as heat
|
|
3 indicators used to evaluate the risks to health from obesity:
|
BMI, waist circumference, and disease risk profile
|
|
What things does the disease risk profile take into account?
|
Life-threatening diseases, family history, and common risk factors for chronic diseases.
|
|
Obese and overweight people with 2 OR MORE of these risk factors require aggressive treatment:
|
hypertension, cigarette smoking, high LDL, low HDL, impaired glucose tolerance, family history of heart disease, men 45+ years old, women 55+
|
|
Obese and overweight people with ANY of these DISEASES require aggressive treatment
|
heart disease, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea
|
|
True or False: Current laws do not require manufacturers of dietary supplements to test the safety or effectiveness of any product.
|
TRUE
|
|
How many drugs has the FDA approved to treat obesity?
|
4
|
|
What are the 4 drugs that the FDA has approved to treat obesity?
|
sibutramine, orlistat, phentermine, and diethylpropion
|
|
Surgery may be an option for people with ALL of the following conditions:
|
unable to achieve adequate weight loss with diet and exercise, BMI >40 or >35 with weight-related health problems, no medical or psychological contradictions, understanding of risks and strong motivation to comply with post-surgery treatment plan
|
|
Depending on the type of surgery, INITIAL weight loss is _____% of body weight.
|
20-32%
|
|
Ten years after surgery, weight loss is ______% of body weight.
|
14-25%
|
|
What is a reasonable rate of weight loss for overweight people?
|
.5-2 pounds a week / 10% of body weight over 6 months
|
|
What types of foods help to lower energy density?
|
Foods containing water, rich in fiber, and low in fat
|
|
Current recommendations for physical activity
|
60 mins of moderately intense physical activity a day, in addition to activities of daily life
|
|
Health benefits of exercise
|
reduce abdominal obesity, and improve blood pressure, insulin resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness
|
|
Benefits of physical activity in a weight-management program
|
-- short-term increase in energy expenditure
-- long-term increase in BMR -- improved body composition -- appetite control -- stress reduction and control of stress eating -- physical & psychological well-being -- improved self-esteem |
|
How many steps a day helps to support a healthy BMI?
|
10,000 steps
|
|
Successful weight-loss maintenance
|
achieving a weight loss of at least 10% of initial body weight and maintaining the loss for at least one year
|
|
What does Sibutramine do?
|
suppresses appetite
|
|
Orlistat
|
approved drug to treat obesity; inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract
|
|
Phentermine and Diethylpropion
|
2 drugs approved to treat obesity; enhance the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, reduces food intake
|
|
Weight maintenance may require a person to expend at least ______ calories in physical activity per week.
|
2500
|