Nutrition Chapter 5 Study Guide

Front 1

Name three roles of protein in the body, including the function of antibodies.

Back 1

Three roles of protein in the body are

a.) Antibodies
b.) Hormones
Sterols
Thyroid hormone
Insulin
c.) Transport Proteins
Transport Nutrients and other molecules
Hemoglobin
Lipoproteins

d.) growth, maintenance and repair of tissue (protein turnover)

d.) Provide energy and glucose
10-15% of daily energy
when glucose and fatty acid are limited, body will sacrifice protein to supply energy.
e.) Enzymes
f.) Electrolyte balance
g.) Acid base balance.




Functions of ab`s
Act against viruses, bacteria and other disease agents
Decreased protein means decreased resistence to disease

Front 2

What is a limiting amino acid, and what does it limit?

Back 2

An essential amino acid that is present in dietary protein in the shortest supply relative to the amount needed for protein synthesis in the body.

Front 3

How many essential amino acids do we need from our diet? How are the others manufactured?

Back 3

We need 9 essential amino acids plus nitrogen making material and energy for the synthesis of others from our diet. The others are manufactured in whole by the body/liver.

Front 4

How do we calculate an adult’s protein needs?

Back 4

By multiplying .8 grams of high quality protein that is digestable for every 2.2 pounds of healthy body weight.

Front 5

5. Name two characteristics of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus, and who they are commonly seen in.

Back 5

Kwashiorkor-Swollen belly and skin rash acute protein deficiency

Marasmus-shriveled and emaciated from lack of energy foods.

These conditions are commonly seen in Protein or energy malnutrition common in impoverished people in urban areas or third world countries.
The U.S. is an example of an anorexia or nutrition imbalance

Front 6

Define complete protein. What types of foods are usually complete proteins? Name one exception.

Back 6

A complete protein is a substance that contains all of the nine essential amino acids. Most meats and milk contain complete proteins. Exceptions to this would be gelatin from animal protein along with vegetables.

Front 7

Give three examples of people in negative nitrogen balance.

Back 7

Starving, suffering from severe stesses like burns, injuries, infections, and fever, their nitrogen output exceeds their nitrogen intake. This is because the body is degrading more than it synthesizes and loses protein.

Front 8

Proteins are chemically different than carbohydrates and fats in that

Back 8

They contain Nitrogen

Front 9

The basic building block for proteins are

Back 9

Amino Acids

Front 10

Enzymes are proteins that among other things

Back 10

Help assemble dissacharides into Starch, Cellulose or glycogen

Front 11

Functions of proteins in the body include

Back 11

Serving as structural components, supplying hormones to regulate body processes , electrolyte balance

Front 12

The swelling of body tissues by the leakage of fluid from the blood vessels in the intercellular spaces is called

Back 12

edema

Front 13

Major proteins in the blood that protect against bacteria and other disease agents are called

Back 13

antibodies

Front 14

Marasmus can be distinguished from Kwashiorkor in that

Back 14

Marasmus is a wasting away of body fat and muscle represented by malnutrition of energy rich food while Kwashiorkor is a result of a significant lack of protein causing fatty liver, facial and abd edema.

Front 15

The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of protein is

Back 15

.8 oz for every 2.2 pounds or average body weight for height.

Front 16

From which foods are proteins derived from

Back 16

Milk, Meat

Front 17

An incomplete protein lacks one or more

Back 17

of the 9 essential Amino Acids