Nutrition Ch. 22

Front 1

FACT: Healthy kidneys, continuously filter blood, maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balances and eliminate metabolic waste products. Secrete renin, erythropoietin, and convert vitamin D to its most active form, and they play an important role in maintaining healthy bone tissue.

Back 1

FACT

Front 2

FACT: Kidney stones develop when stone constituents become concentrated in the urine and form crystals.

Back 2

FACT

Front 3

Stone constituents that contain a combination of calcium oxalate and phosphate are called?

Back 3

kidney stones

Front 4

The severe pain that accompanies the movement of a kidney stone through the ureter to the bladder is called?

Back 4

renal colic

Front 5

FACT: Treatment of kidney stones include increasing fluid intake to dilute the urine, avoid excessive calcium and oxalate intakes, avoid vitamin C supplements and excessive salt intakes.

Back 5

FACT

Front 6

F: Nephrotic syndrome is a distinct cluster of symptoms caused by dysfunction of the glomerular capillaries. The symptoms include the loss of plasma proteins into the urine, low serum albumin, edema, and elevated blood lipids.

Back 6

FACT

Front 7

How is nephrotic syndrome caused?

Back 7

Damage to the kidneys from diabetic neuropathy, infections, blood clots in the renal veins, and some drugs and toxins can precipitate the nephrotic syndrome.

Front 8

What happens during acute renal failure?

Back 8

Precipitous drop in glomerular filtration rate and urine output. Accumulation of nitrogen-containing metabolic waste products. Blood electrolyte levels rise. Blood pressure may rise dangerously high as fluids accumulate.

Front 9

How is acute renal failure treated?

Back 9

Medical nutrition therapy, drug therapy, and dialysis may be undertaken to restore fluid and electrolyte balances and to minimize blood concentrations of toxic waste products.

Front 10

The removal of fluids and wastes from the blood by passing it through a dialyzer is called?

Back 10

hemodialysis

Front 11

The removal of wastes and fluids from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a semipermeable membrane.

Back 11

peritoneal dialysis

Front 12

How is fluid restriction determined?

Back 12

By monitoring each person's weight, blood pressure, urine output, and blood electrolyte levels.

Front 13

In ___ the nephrons suddenly lose function and are unable to maintain homeostasis.

Back 13

acute renal failure

Front 14

___ is renal failure that is irreversible, dialysis or a kidney transplant is needed to sustain life.

Back 14

chronic renal failure

Front 15

___ is an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver resulting from many conditions, including exposure to excessive alcohol, excessive wt.gain, and diabetes mellitus.

Back 15

fatty liver

Front 16

In ___, damage to liver cells causes inflammation and enlargement of the liver

Back 16

hepatitis

Front 17

Most often the damage in hepatitis occurs as a consequence of ___.

Back 17

viral infections

Front 18

___ is an advanced form of liver disease in which scar tissue replaces liver cells that have permanently lost their function.

Back 18

cirrhosis

Front 19

How does cirrhosis manifest?

Back 19

Chronic alcohol abuse is the most common cause. Other causes: some infections, prolonged obstruction or diseases of the bile ducts, severe heart disease, severe reactions to medications, and exposure to toxic chemicals.

Front 20

___ are blood vessels that have become twisted and distended.

Back 20

varices

Front 21

___ is a type of edema characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Back 21

ascites

Front 22

How do we treat esophageal varices?

Back 22

High-energy intake while restricting sodium and fluids.

Front 23

How do you treat esophageal varices?

Back 23

Simple IV solutions to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

Front 24

Portal hypertension is consequence of what disease?

Back 24

cirrhosis

Front 25

___ is a state of unconsciousness that results from severe liver disease.

Back 25

hepatic coma

Front 26

___ is a syndrome that frequently accompanies many types of cancer and is characterized by anorexia, loss of lean body mass, depletion of serum proteins, and debilitation.

Back 26

cancer cachexia syndrome