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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CVA |
Stroke causes by atherosclerosis, cutting of oxygen to the brain |
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Diverticulosis |
Mulitifactoral. Formation of small pouches along mucosal lining on the colon. When it is inflamed, it is diverticulitis |
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Ascites |
Fluid in abdomen. Caused by low plasma protein levels |
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Heart disease |
Overall medical problem that is causes by atherosclerosis |
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Cholelithiasis |
Gallstone Formation |
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Cirrhosis |
Liver disease. Scar formation. Resulted from hepatitis and alcoholism. Liver cannot remove ammonia from the blood |
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Hepatitis |
Caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. Transmitted by oral fecal route. Tx: bed rest, limit alcohol, 4-6 small meals. |
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Infarct |
Tissue death |
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Bile |
Basic function or gallbladder is to store bile and release into small intestine |
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Dysphagia |
A chronic problem in pts with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and stroke |
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Energy intake |
Reduced energy intake during first say after MI reduces metabolic work load on heart |
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Atherosclerosis |
Fatty plaques that contain cholesterol in coronary arteries |
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Judging sodium content |
If pts have HTN, sodium should be reduced to 2400 mg/day |
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Controllable risk factors for cardiac disease |
Diet, smoking, HTN, physical inactivity, obesity, blood sugar level, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory markers |
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Food to avoid in Celiac disease |
Wheat, barley, rye, malt, oats |
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DASH diet |
4-6 servings of fruit, vegetables. 2-3 servings of low fat diary. Lean meat, nuts, seeds, dried beans, high fiber grains. Treats HTN |
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Races prone to HTN |
African American |
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Sx of inflamed gallbladder |
Episodes of intense pain |
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Diet for gallbladder problems |
Small frequent meals. Normal diet few months after surgery |
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Diet restrictions for cirrhosis |
4-6 Small meals, no alcohol, half of kcals should come from carbs, 0.8-1.2 g/kg protein, <30% fat, 2000mg sodium fluid restrictions |
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Foods for a low salt diet |
Seasons like herbs, spices, lemon, wine, onion, yogurt. Less animal products, potatoes, rice, bulgar, whole grain bread and cereal |
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Tx for hepatitis |
Lactulose and Neomycin |
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Cause of HTN |
Genetics, lifestyle, stress, renal abnormalities, renin angiotensin aldosterone syndrome |
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Sx of heart failure |
Basic functions of living are hard to perform. Edema Sodium restriction (2g/day), fluid restriction (2L/day), thiamin and K supplements, limit alcohol to 1 drink for women, 2 drink for men. |
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Desired HDL levels |
More than 60 |
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Causes of hepatitis |
Bacteria parasites and toxins |
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Diet for diverticulosis |
Avoid nuts and seeds because they can accumulate in the pouches. NPO until they can progress to normal diet. |
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Problems with treating hepatitis |
Can be transmitted by blood and needles |
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Foods that cause problems with allergies |
Egg, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, shellfish, soy |
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Diet changes first days after MI |
Vegetables, fruit, whole grains, low fat, fish, low sodium |
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Cause of peptic ulcer disease |
H. Pylori |
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Pt teaching to avoid constipation |
Increased soluble fiber, prunes, figs, fluids |
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Elemental diet |
Formula composed of simple elemental nutrient that require no further breakdown. Free amino acids and carbs as the simple sugar glucose |
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Stages of HTN |
Pre: high end of normal Stage 1: 140-159/90-99 Stage 2: >160/>100 |
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Importance of lipoproteins |
Carries fat in bloodstream to tissues for cell metabolism |
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Pt teaching for diarrhea |
Electrolyte replacement |
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Sx of celiac disease |
Diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, malnutrition |
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Lower esophageal sphincter does what |
Prevent acid reflux |
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Pts with cystic fibrosis needs to take __ |
Enzyme replacement |
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Who typically has GERD? |
Pregnant women, elderly, NG tube, vomiting |
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What type of plaque is common in heart disease? |
Fatty plaques |
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Liver changes in cirrhosis |
Scar tissue, liver cannot remove ammonia and nitrogen. Blood cannot circulate. Blood vessels become extended |
